Description: AN EXTREMELY RARE AUTHENTIC AUTOGRAPH OF PRINCE WILLIAM AND THE REST OF HIS ROYAL ARMOURED CORP MEMBERS SIGNED IN BLACK INK OF THE ROYAL ARMOURED CORPSCVR (T) TROOP LEADERS FORMATION RECCE COURCE19TH JULY - 25TH AUGUST 2006 MEASURES APPROXIMATELY 11 3/4 X 16 5/8 INCHES AND IS HAND SIGNED BY ALL CORP MEMBERS. CT WALES WALES HCR IS HRH PRINCE HARRY WHO IS NOW DUKE OF SUSSEX SIGNED BY: 2 LT POPE QRL2LT VYE 9/12 LCTWALKER OKEOVER HCR2 LT FYJIS-WALKER LD2 LT AYTON HCR2 LT STILES 9/12 LCT MANN HCRCT WALES HCR 2 LT HOWLAND-JACKSON HCR2 LT JM KAYLL LD I knew someone who worked closely with the royal family and the armory and this is how I obtained this item. Last photo shows the Corp ,with HRH Prince Harry, with the artist and the artwork he created for HRH Prince Harry Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex,[fn 2] KCVO (Henry Charles Albert David; born 15 September 1984)[2] is a member of the British royal family. He is the younger son of King Charles III, and Diana, Princess of Wales. He is fifth in the line of succession to the British throne. Harry was educated at Wetherby School, Ludgrove School, and Eton College. He spent parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho, then underwent officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a cornet into the Blues and Royals, serving temporarily with his brother William and completed training as a troop leader. In 2007–2008, he served for over ten weeks in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. He returned to Afghanistan for a 20-week deployment in 2012–2013 with the Army Air Corps. In June 2015, he resigned from the army. Harry launched the Invictus Games in 2014 and remains the patron of its foundation. He also gives patronage to several other organisations, including the HALO Trust and Walking With The Wounded.[3] To encourage people to open up about their mental health issues, Harry, alongside the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, initiated the mental health awareness campaign "Heads Together" in April 2016.[4] In 2018, Harry was made Duke of Sussex prior to his wedding to American actress Meghan Markle. They have two children, Archie and Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor. In January 2020, the couple stepped down as senior members of the royal family and moved to the Duchess's native Southern California. In October 2020, they launched Archewell Inc., an American public organisation that focuses on non-profit activities and creative media ventures. Together with his wife, Harry also sat down for a much publicised interview with Oprah Winfrey in March 2021, with whom he also produced the mental health documentary series The Me You Can't See. Contents1Early life2Education3Military career3.1Sandhurst; Blues and Royals; deployment to Afghanistan3.2Army Air Corps and second deployment to Afghanistan3.3HQ London District and Invictus Games3.4Secondment to Australian Defence Force3.5Post-military service4Personal life4.1Bachelorhood4.2Marriage and fatherhood4.3Wealth and inheritance4.4Health4.5Political views5Public life5.1Stepping back6Civilian career and investments7Charity work7.1Humanitarian and environmental activities7.2Sport7.3Sussex Royal and Archewell8Public image9Privacy and the media9.1Legal issues and incidents9.1.1Associated Newspapers Limited9.1.2Other cases9.2Oprah interview and Twitter trolling10Titles, styles, honours and arms10.1Titles and styles10.2Military ranks10.3Honours10.3.1Appointments10.3.2Former honorary military appointments10.3.3Humanitarian awards10.4Arms11Ancestry12Filmography13Bibliography13.1Books13.2Authored articles and letters14Footnotes15References16Further reading17External linksEarly life A 1985 Seychellois stamp depicting Harry with his great-grandmother Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother at his christeningPrince Harry was born in the Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London, on 15 September 1984 at 4:20 pm as the second child of Charles, Prince of Wales (heir apparent to the British throne), and Diana, Princess of Wales.[5][6][fn 3] He was christened Henry Charles Albert David on 21 December 1984 at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie.[fn 4] Growing up, he was referred to as "Harry" by family, friends, and the public. Harry and his elder brother, William, were raised at Kensington Palace in London, and Highgrove House in Gloucestershire.[10][11] Diana wanted him and his brother to have a broader range of experiences and a better understanding of ordinary life than previous royal children. She took them to venues that ranged from Walt Disney World and McDonald's to AIDS clinics and homeless shelters.[12] He began accompanying his parents on official visits at an early age; his first overseas tour was with his parents to Italy in 1985.[13] He also travelled with his family to Canada in 1991 and 1998.[14][15] Harry's parents divorced in 1996. His mother died in a car crash in Paris the following year. Harry and William were staying with their father at Balmoral at the time, and the Prince of Wales told his sons about their mother's death.[16] At his mother's funeral, Harry, then 12, accompanied his father, brother, paternal grandfather, and maternal uncle, Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, in walking behind the funeral cortège from Kensington Palace to Westminster Abbey.[17] EducationLike his father and brother, Harry was educated at independent schools. He started at London's Jane Mynors' nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School.[18] Following this, he attended Ludgrove School in Berkshire. After passing entrance exams, he was admitted to Eton College. The decision to place Harry at Eton went against the past practice of the Mountbatten-Windsors to send children to Gordonstoun, which Harry's grandfather, father, two uncles, and two cousins had attended. It did, however, see Harry follow in his older brother's footsteps and the Spencer family's, as both Diana's father and brother attended Eton.[12] As was the case with his brother, the royal family and the tabloid press agreed Harry would be allowed to study free from intrusion in exchange for occasional photograph opportunities in what became known as the "pressure cooker agreement".[19] In June 2003, Harry completed his education at Eton with two A-Levels,[20] achieving a grade B in art and D in geography, having decided to drop history of art after AS level.[21] He has been described as "a top tier athlete", having played competitive polo and rugby union.[22] One of his former teachers, Sarah Forsyth, has asserted that he was a "weak student" and that staff at Eton conspired to help him cheat on examinations.[23][24] Both Eton and Harry denied the claims.[23][25] While a tribunal made no ruling on the cheating claim, it "accepted the prince had received help in preparing his A-level 'expressive' project, which he needed to pass to secure his place at Sandhurst."[23][26] Harry also joined the Combined Cadet Force while studying at Eton and was made cadet officer in his final year, leading the corps' annual parade at the Eton tattoo.[27] After school, Harry took a gap year, during which he spent time in Australia working as a jackaroo on a cattle station, and participating in the Young England vs Young Australia Polo Test match.[28][29] He also travelled to Lesotho, where he worked with orphaned children and produced the documentary film The Forgotten Kingdom.[30] Military careerSandhurst; Blues and Royals; deployment to Afghanistan Officer Cadet Wales (standing next to the horse) on parade at Sandhurst, 21 June 2005Harry entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 8 May 2005, where he was known as Officer Cadet Wales, and joined the Alamein Company.[31] In April 2006, Harry completed his officer training and was commissioned as a Cornet (second lieutenant) in the Blues and Royals, a regiment of the Household Cavalry in the British Army. On 13 April 2008, when he reached two years' seniority, Harry was promoted to lieutenant.[32] In 2006, it was announced that Harry's unit was scheduled to be deployed in Iraq the following year. A public debate ensued as to whether he should serve there. In April 2006, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry would be shielded from the front line if his unit was sent to war, with a spokeswoman stating that he was expected to "undertake the fullest range of deployments", but his role needed to be monitored as "his overt presence might attract additional attention" that would put him or those he commanded at risk.[33] Defence Secretary John Reid said that he should be allowed to serve on the front line of battle zones. Harry agreed saying, "If they said 'no, you can't go front line' then I wouldn't drag my sorry ass through Sandhurst and I wouldn't be where I am now."[34] The Ministry of Defence and Clarence House made a joint announcement on 22 February 2007 that Harry would be deployed with his regiment to Iraq, as part of the 1st Mechanised Brigade of the 3rd Mechanised Division – a move supported by Harry, who had stated that he would leave the army if he was told to remain in safety while his regiment went to war.[35] The head of the British army at the time, General Sir Richard Dannatt, said on 30 April 2007 that he had personally decided that Harry would serve with his unit in Iraq as a troop commander,[36][37] and Harry was scheduled for deployment in May or June 2007 to patrol the Maysan Governorate.[38] By 16 May, however, Dannatt announced that Harry would not serve in Iraq;[39] concerns included Harry being a high-value target (as several threats by various groups had already been made against him) and the dangers the soldiers around him would face should any attempt be made on his life or if he was captured. Clarence House made public Harry's disappointment with the decision, though he said he would abide by it.[40] In early June 2007, it was reported that Harry had arrived in Canada to train alongside soldiers of the Canadian Forces and British Army, at CFB Suffield near Medicine Hat, Alberta. It was said that this was in preparation for a tour of duty in Afghanistan, where Canadian and British forces were participating in the NATO-led Afghan War.[41] This was confirmed in February of the following year, when the British Ministry of Defence revealed that Harry had been secretly deployed as a Forward Air Controller to Helmand Province in Afghanistan for the previous ten weeks.[42][43] The revelation came after the media – notably, German newspaper Bild and Australian magazine New Idea[44][45] – breached the blackout placed over the information by the Canadian and British authorities.[46] He was immediately pulled out due to the fear that the media coverage would put his security and the security of fellow soldiers at risk.[47][48] It was later reported that Harry helped Gurkha troops repel an attack from Taliban insurgents,[49] and performed patrol duty in hostile areas while in Afghanistan.[50][51][52] His tour made Harry the first member of the British royal family to serve in a war zone since his uncle, Prince Andrew, who flew helicopters during the Falklands War. For his service, his aunt, Princess Anne, presented Harry with an Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan at the Combermere Barracks in May 2008.[53] Army Air Corps and second deployment to AfghanistanIn October 2008, it was announced that Harry would follow his brother, father and uncle in learning to fly military helicopters.[54][55] Harry attended the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury, where he joined his brother.[56] Prince Charles presented him with his flying brevet (wings) on 7 May 2010 at a ceremony at the Army Air Corps Base (AAC), Middle Wallop.[57] Harry was awarded his Apache Flying Badge on 14 April 2011.[58] On 16 April 2011, it was announced that Harry had been promoted to captain.[59] In June 2011, Clarence House announced that Harry would be available for deployment in current operations in Afghanistan as an Apache helicopter pilot. The final decision rested with the Ministry of Defence's senior commanders, including principally the Chief of the Defence Staff in consultation with the wishes of Harry, the Prince of Wales, and the Queen.[60] In October, he was transferred to a US military base in California to complete his helicopter gunship training.[61] This final phase included live-fire training and "environmental and judgment training" at naval and air force facilities in California and Arizona.[62] In the same month, it was reported that Harry was top of his class in extensive training undertaken at the Naval Air Facility, El Centro, California.[63] While training in Southern California, he spent time in San Diego.[64] In November 2011, Harry returned to England. He went to Wattisham Airfield in Suffolk, in the east of England, to complete his training to fly Apache helicopters.[65] On 7 September 2012, Harry arrived at Camp Bastion in southern Afghanistan as part of the 100-strong 662 Squadron, 3 Regiment, Army Air Corps,[66] to begin a four-month combat tour as a co-pilot and gunner for an Apache helicopter.[67] On 10 September, within days of arriving in Afghanistan, it was reported that the Taliban had threatened his life. Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid spoke to Reuters and was quoted as saying: "We are using all our strength to get rid of him, either by killing or kidnapping." He added, "We have informed our commanders in Helmand to do whatever they can to eliminate him."[68] On 18 September 2012, it was reported that Harry had been moved to a safe location after an attack by the Taliban on Camp Bastion that killed two US marines.[69] Defence Secretary Philip Hammond stated that "additional security arrangements" were put in place as Harry could be a potential target, but added that he would face "the same risk as any other Apache pilot" while in combat.[70] On 21 January 2013, it was announced that Harry was returning from a 20-week deployment in Afghanistan.[71] On 8 July 2013, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had successfully qualified as an Apache aircraft commander.[72] Harry compared operating the Apache's weapons systems in Afghanistan to playing video games.[73][74] He also discussed killing insurgents while piloting his Apache helicopter, and added "we fire when we have to, take a life to save a life, but essentially we're more of a deterrent than anything else".[75] HQ London District and Invictus Games Harry (left) talking to an injured soldier at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, US; 15 May 2013On 17 January 2014, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had completed his attachment to 3 Regiment Army Air Corps, and would take up a staff officer role, SO3 (Defence Engagement) in HQ London District. His responsibilities would include helping to co-ordinate significant projects and commemorative events involving the Army in London. He was based at Horse Guards in central London.[76] On 6 March 2014, Harry launched Invictus Games, a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women, which was held on 10–14 September 2014.[77] Harry met British hopefuls for the Invictus Games at Tedworth House in Wiltshire for the start of the selection process on 29 April 2014.[78] On 15 May 2014, Harry attended a ticket sale launch for Invictus Games at BT Tower, from where he tweeted on the Invictus Games' official Twitter account as the president of the Games.[79] To promote the Games, he was interviewed by BBC Radio 2's Chris Evans along with two Invictus Games hopefuls. He said: "[The Invictus Games] is basically my full-time job at the moment, making sure that we pull this off." The show aired on 31 July 2014.[80] Harry later wrote an article in The Sunday Times about his experiences in Afghanistan: how they had inspired him to help injured personnel and how, after the trip to the Warrior Games, he had vowed to create the Invictus Games.[81] Harry and officials attended the British Armed Forces Team announcement for Invictus Games at Potters Field Park in August 2014.[82][83] As president of the Invictus Games, he attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014.[84] In January 2015, it was reported that Harry would take on a new role in supporting wounded service personnel by working alongside members of the London District's Personal Recovery Unit for the MOD's Defence Recovery Capability scheme to ensure that wounded personnel have adequate recovery plans. The palace confirmed weeks later[85] that the scheme was established in partnership with Help for Heroes and the Royal British Legion.[86] In late January 2015, Harry visited The Battle Back Centre[87] set up by the Royal British Legion, and Fisher House UK at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham. A partnership between Help for Heroes, the Fisher House Foundation and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB) Charity created the Centre.[88] Fisher House Foundation is one of the Invictus Games' sponsors.[89] In February and March 2015, Harry visited Phoenix House in Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire, a recovery centre run by Help for Heroes. He also visited Merville Barracks in Colchester, where Chavasse VC House Personnel Recovery Centre is located, run by Help for Heroes in partnership with the Ministry of Defence and Royal British Legion.[90] Secondment to Australian Defence Force Harry in New South Wales, May 2015On 17 March 2015, Kensington Palace announced that Harry would leave the Armed Forces in June.[91] Before then, he would spend four weeks throughout April and May at army barracks in Darwin, Perth and Sydney whilst seconded to the Australian Defence Force (ADF). After leaving the Army, while considering his future, he would return to work in a voluntary capacity with the Ministry of Defence, supporting Case Officers in the Ministry's Recovery Capability Programme. He would be working with both those who administer and receive physical and mental care within the London District area.[92][93] On 6 April 2015, Harry reported for duty to Australia's Chief of the Defence Force, Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin at the Royal Military College, Duntroon in Canberra, Australia.[94] Harry flew to Darwin later that day to begin his month-long secondment to the ADF's 1st Brigade. His visit included detachments to NORFORCE as well as to an aviation unit.[95] While in Perth, he trained with Special Air Service Regiment (SASR), participating in the SASR selection course, including a fitness test and a physical training session with SASR selection candidates. He also joined SASR members in Perth for live-fire shooting exercises with numerous Special Forces weapons at a variety of ranges. Harry completed an insertion training exercise using a rigid-hull inflatable boat. In Sydney, he undertook urban operations training with the 2nd Commando Regiment. Training activities included remotely detonating an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and rappelling from a building. He also spent time flying over Sydney as co-pilot of an Army Black Hawk helicopter and participated in counter-terrorism training in Sydney Harbour with Royal Australian Navy clearance divers.[96] Harry's attachment with the ADF ended on 8 May 2015,[97] and on 19 June 2015 he resigned his short service commission.[98][99] Post-military service In New Zealand, 2018Harry has described his 10 years in the army as "the happiest times in my life".[100] Since leaving the army, he has been closely involved with the armed forces through the Invictus Games, honorary military appointments and other official engagements. On 19 December 2017, he succeeded his grandfather Prince Philip as the Captain General of the Royal Marines.[101] In May 2018, he was promoted to the substantive ranks of Lieutenant Commander of the Royal Navy, Major of the British Army and Squadron Leader of the Royal Air Force.[102] On 18 January 2020, Buckingham Palace announced that agreement had been reached for Harry "to step back from Royal duties, including official military appointments".[103] In February 2021, the Palace confirmed that the Duke would give up his position as Captain General of the Royal Marines and hand back all the other honorary military appointments.[104] Personal lifeBachelorhoodChelsy Davy, the daughter of Zimbabwean, South Africa-based businessman Charles Davy, was referred to as Harry's girlfriend in an interview conducted for his 21st birthday, and Harry said he "would love to tell everyone how amazing she is but once I start talking about that, I have left myself open.... There is truth and there is lies and unfortunately I cannot get the truth across."[105] Davy was present when Harry received his Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan[53] and also attended his graduation ceremony when he received his flying wings from his father.[57] In early 2009, it was reported the pair had parted ways after a relationship that had lasted for five years.[106] In May 2012, Harry's cousin Princess Eugenie introduced him to Cressida Bonas, an actress and model who is the granddaughter of Edward Curzon, 6th Earl Howe.[107] On 30 April 2014, it was reported that the couple had parted amicably.[108] Marriage and fatherhood Prince Harry and Markle on Christmas Day, 2017In July 2016, Prince Harry began a relationship with American actress Meghan Markle.[109][110][111] In November, the prince directed his communications secretary to release a statement on his behalf to express personal concern about pejorative and false comments made about his girlfriend by mainstream media and internet trolls.[112][113] In September 2017, Prince Harry and Markle first appeared together in public at the Invictus Games in Toronto.[114][115] Their engagement was announced on 27 November 2017 by Harry's father Prince Charles.[116][117][109][118] The announcement prompted generally positive comments about having a mixed-race person as a member of the royal family,[119] especially in regard to Commonwealth countries with populations of blended or native ancestry.[120] On 19 May 2018, the marriage ceremony was held at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.[121][122] The couple later revealed in the 2021 television interview Oprah with Meghan and Harry that there was a private exchange of vows 3 days before with the Archbishop of Canterbury in their garden.[123] However, this earlier exchange of vows was not an official religious or legally recognised marriage.[124][125] It was reportedly agreed in advance that excess funds generated from the BBC broadcast of the wedding ceremony would go to a charity chosen by the newlywed couple.[126] In April 2020, Feeding Britain (which provides food packages to families in food poverty) was nominated to receive £90,000 from the BBC.[127] The Duke and Duchess initially lived at Nottingham Cottage in London, on the grounds of Kensington Palace.[128] They then moved to Frogmore Cottage in the Home Park of Windsor Castle.[129][130] The Crown Estate refurbished the cottage at a cost of £2.4 million, paid out of the Sovereign Grant, with the Duke later reimbursing expenses beyond restoration and ordinary maintenance.[131][132][133] On 6 May 2019, the Duke and Duchess's son Archie Mountbatten-Windsor was born.[134] Their office was moved to Buckingham Palace and officially closed on 31 March 2020 when the Sussexes ceased "undertaking official engagements in support of the Queen".[135][136] After some months in Canada and the United States, the couple bought a house in June 2020 on the former estate of Riven Rock in Montecito, California,[137] where they own a chicken coop with hens rescued from a factory farm.[138] The next month, the Duchess suffered a miscarriage.[139] On 4 June 2021, their daughter Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor was born.[140] The Duke and Duchess own a Labrador named Pula, and two Beagles named Guy and Mamma Mia, respectively.[141][142] Harry is godfather to "five or six" children, including the daughters of Major Nicholas van Cutsem (the son of Hugh van Cutsem) and Jake Warren, his mother's godson, whose father is the Queen's horse racing manager.[143][144] He became godfather to Charlie van Straubenzee's firstborn daughter in May 2020.[145] Wealth and inheritanceAt the time of the announcement of Harry and Meghan's decision to "step back" as senior members of the royal family in 2020, 95% of the couple's income derived from the £2.3 million given to them annually by Harry's father, Charles, as part of his income from the Duchy of Cornwall.[146] Harry and his brother William inherited the "bulk" of the £12.9 million left by their mother on their respective 30th birthdays, a figure that had grown since her 1997 death to £10 million each in 2014.[147][148] In 2002, The Times reported that Harry would also share with his brother a payment of £4.9 million from trust funds established by their great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, on their respective 21st birthdays and would share a payment of £8 million upon their respective 40th birthdays.[149] It was reported that Harry would inherit the bulk of the money left by the Queen Mother for the two brothers, as William is set to ascend to the throne which will bring him more financial benefits.[150] Harry's personal wealth was estimated at £30 million by The Daily Telegraph in 2020.[146] In 2014, Harry and William inherited their mother's wedding dress along with many other of her personal possessions, including dresses, diamond tiaras, jewels, letters, and paintings. The brothers also received the original lyrics and score of "Candle in the Wind" by Bernie Taupin and Elton John as performed by John at Diana's funeral.[148] HealthIn November 2000, he broke his thumb while playing football at Eton and underwent a minor operation.[151] In 2002, it was reported that with Charles's encouragement Harry had paid a visit to a drugs rehabilitation unit to talk to drug addicts after it emerged that he had been smoking cannabis and drinking at his father's Highgrove House and at a local pub in the summer of 2001.[152][153][154] In 2017, Harry acknowledged that with the support of his brother he sought counselling years after his mother's death, stating: "It's all about timing. And for me personally, my brother, you know, bless him, he was a huge support to me. He kept saying this is not right, this is not normal, you need to talk to [someone] about stuff, it's OK".[155][156] Harry added that he struggled with aggression, suffered from anxiety during royal engagements, and was "very close to a complete breakdown on numerous occasions".[155] He later added that he had taken on boxing as a way of coping with mental stress and "letting out aggression".[157] In his mental health television documentary The Me You Can't See, which premiered in 2021, he added that he underwent four years of therapy to address his mental health issues following encouragement from his future wife while they were dating.[158] He also mentioned that he suffered from "panic attacks [and] severe anxiety" in his late 20s and the heavy load of official visits and functions eventually "led to burnout".[158] He further stated that he was willing to drink and take drugs, adding that he "wasn't drinking Monday to Friday, but [he] would probably drink a week's worth in one day on a Friday or a Saturday night" to help him cope with his issues.[158] In 2021, American journalist Katie Couric recounted a meeting with Harry in her memoir, and alleged that during her 2012 interview with him in Belize to mark the Queen's Diamond Jubilee he smelled of cigarettes and alcohol, which seemed "to ooze from every pore" of his body.[159] In an episode of Armchair Expert, he attributed his mental health issues to the ineffective parenting style of previous generations and to the "genetic pain and suffering" passed down in his family, adding that his issues stemmed from "the pain or suffering that perhaps my father or my parents had suffered".[160][161] In a February 2022 livestream for BetterUp, Harry stated that he meditated on a regular basis to maintain his mental health.[162] Political viewsMembers of the British royal family are politically neutral by convention.[163] However, in September 2020, Harry and his wife released a video addressing American voters to "reject hate speech, misinformation and online negativity" in the 2020 United States presidential election, which was seen by some as an implicit endorsement of Joe Biden.[164] Harry was the subject of a prank by the Russian comedy duo Vovan and Lexus, who posed as climate activist Greta Thunberg and her father during two phone calls on New Year's Eve and 22 January 2020.[165] During the conversations, Harry described his decision to leave the monarchy as "not easy" and criticised Donald Trump's stance on climate change and his support of the coal industry.[165] Harry identifies as a feminist.[166] As part of an interview with Gloria Steinem in August 2020, he was quoted as saying "You know that I'm a feminist too, right, Gloria? It's really important to me that you know that."[167] In May 2021, Harry was a guest on Dax Shepard and Monica Padman's podcast Armchair Expert during which he talked about the freedom of speech and laws related to it in the United States, stating "I've got so much I want to say about the First Amendment as I sort of understand it, but it is bonkers."[168] He added that it was "a huge subject and one which [he didn't] understand", emphasising that one could "capitalise or exploit what's not said rather than uphold what is said."[168] The comments were met by backlash from conservative Americans and Britons, prompting figures such as Ted Cruz, Dan Crenshaw, Nigel Farage, Candace Owens, Jack Posobiec, and Laura Ingraham to criticise him publicly.[168][169] In November 2021, in a panel at Wired's Re:Wired Conference, Harry claimed that a day before the January January 6 United States Capitol attack he emailed Jack Dorsey, CEO of Twitter, and 'warned' of potential civil unrest, but had not received a response.[170][171] He added that he and Meghan were no longer on social media, and would avoid it "until things change".[172] In the same month, Conservative politician and MP Johnny Mercer, who was leading the efforts to waive visa fees for foreign-born UK veterans and their families, announced in the Commons that the Duke of Sussex was supportive of their proposal and viewed it as "morally right" and not as "a political intervention".[173] In June 2022, in an interview with Jessica Yellin for Vogue, Meghan described Harry's reaction to the Supreme Court of the United States's decision that abortion is not a protected constitutional right as "guttural".[174] Harry later condemned the decision as "rolling back of constitutional rights" in his address to the United Nations on Mandela Day in July 2022.[175] Associate justice of the Supreme Court Samuel Alito, who wrote the majority decision for the case, criticised foreign figures including Harry for their comments on "American law" during a speech.[176] Public lifeSee also: List of official overseas trips made by the Duke and Duchess of Sussex At Trooping the Colour, June 2013At the age of 21, Harry became a Counsellor of State and began his duties in that capacity. On 6 January 2009, the Queen granted Harry and William their own royal household. Previously, William and Harry's affairs had been handled by their father's office at Clarence House in central London. The new household released a statement announcing they had established their own office at nearby St James's Palace to look after their public, military and charitable activities.[177] In March 2012, Harry led an official visit to Belize as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.[178] He continued to the Bahamas and Jamaica, where the Prime Minister, Portia Simpson-Miller, was considering initiating a process of turning Jamaica into a republic.[179] He then visited Brazil to attend the GREAT Campaign.[180] Harry also played tambourine and took part in the music video for the song "Sing", which was released in May 2012 to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee.[181] Between 9 and 15 May 2013, he made an official visit to the United States. The tour promoted the rehabilitation of injured American and UK troops, publicised his own charities and supported British interests. It included engagements in Washington, DC, Colorado, New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. He met survivors of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey.[182][183] In October 2013, he undertook his first official tour of Australia, attending the International Fleet Review at Sydney Harbour.[184] He also paid a visit to the Australian SAS HQ in Perth.[185] In May 2014, he visited Estonia and Italy. In Estonia, he visited Freedom Square in the capital Tallinn to honour fallen Estonian soldiers. He also attended a reception at the Estonian Parliament[186] and a NATO military exercise.[187] In Italy, Harry attended commemorations of the 70th anniversary of the Monte Cassino battles, in which Polish, Commonwealth and British troops fought.[188][189] On 6 November 2014, he opened the Field of Remembrance at Westminster Abbey,[190] a task usually performed by Prince Philip.[191] Before reporting for duty to the Australian Defence Force (ADF), Harry visited the Australian War Memorial in Canberra on 6 April 2015.[94] On 7 May 2015, he made a farewell walkabout at the Sydney Opera House and visited Macquarie University Hospital.[192][193] On 24–25 April 2015, he joined his father in Turkey to attend commemorations of the centenary of the Gallipoli Campaign.[194] On 28 October 2015, he carried out one day of engagements in the US. He launched the Invictus Games Orlando 2016 with First Lady Michelle Obama and Second Lady Jill Biden at Fort Belvoir.[195] He later attended an Invictus Games board meeting and a reception to celebrate the launch at the British Ambassador's Residence.[196] On 26 November 2015, as patron of Sentebale, Harry travelled to Lesotho to attend the opening of the Mamohato Children's Centre.[197] From 30 November to 3 December 2015, he made an official visit to South Africa.[198] He visited Cape Town, where he presented the insignia of the Order of the Companions of Honour to the Archbishop on behalf of the Queen.[199] Harry also played the Sentebale Royal Salute Polo Cup, at Val de Vie Estate in Cape Town, fundraising for Sentebale.[200] He visited Nepal 19–23 March 2016.[201] He stayed until the end of March 2016 to help rebuild a secondary school with Team Rubicon UK, and visited a Hydropower Project in Central Nepal.[202] The Duke with British prime minister Boris Johnson at the 2020 UK–Africa Investment SummitIn April 2018, he was appointed Commonwealth youth ambassador, a position which he held until March 2020.[203][204] Also in that month, Harry became a patron of Walk of America, a campaign which brings together a number of veterans who will take part in a 1,000-mile expedition across the US in mid-2018.[205][206] The Prince was appointed the president of The Queen's Commonwealth Trust, which focuses on projects involving children and welfare of prisoners, in April.[207] Periodically, online QCT chat sessions were conducted and uploaded to YouTube for general public viewing.[208] He remained the charity's president until February 2021.[104] In July 2018, Harry travelled to Dublin, Ireland, alongside his wife Meghan, which marked their first overseas visit as a couple.[209][210] In October 2018, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex travelled to Sydney, Australia for the 2018 Invictus Games.[211] This formed part of a Pacific tour that included Australia, Fiji, Tonga and New Zealand.[212][213] During their visit to Morocco in February 2019, the Duke and Duchess focused on projects centered on "women's empowerment, girls' education, inclusivity and encouragement of social entrepreneurship".[214] As part of establishing a separate office from Kensington Palace in 2019, the Duke and Duchess created an Instagram social media account, which broke the record for the fastest account at the time to reach a million followers.[215] During his trip to Angola in 2019, the Duke visited the Born Free to Shine project in Luanda, an initiative by First Lady Ana Dias Lourenço which aims to "prevent HIV transmission from mothers to babies" through education, medical testing and treatment. He also met HIV+ youth and teenagers during his visit.[216] During his visit to the Luengue-Luiana National Park, the Duke unveiled an initiative by the Queen's Commonwealth Canopy to help with protecting "an ancient elephant migration route" by providing safe passage for them in the forest.[217] In September and October 2019, a Southern African tour included Malawi, Angola, South Africa and Botswana. Because infant son Archie traveled with the Sussexes, this was "their first official tour as a family".[218] Stepping backSee also: MegxitIn January 2020, the Duke and Duchess announced that they were stepping back from their role as senior members of the royal family, and would balance their time between the United Kingdom and North America.[219][220] A statement released by the Palace confirmed that the Duke and Duchess were to become financially independent and cease to represent the Queen.[221] The couple retain their HRH stylings but are not permitted to use them.[221] The formal role of the Duke and Duchess was subject to a twelve-month review period, ending in March 2021. In March 2020, Harry attended the opening of the Silverstone Experience in Silverstone Circuit together with racing driver Lewis Hamilton. Harry's appearance at the museum was his final solo engagement as a senior royal.[222] He and Meghan attended the Commonwealth Day service at Westminster Abbey on 9 March 2020, which was their last engagement as a couple before they officially stepped down on 31 March. Two years later, they made their first official appearance in the UK in June 2022 while attending the Platinum Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving.[223] They are expected to visit the UK and Germany in September 2022 for a number of charity events in Manchester, Düsseldorf, and London.[224] Civilian career and investmentsIn summer 2019, before announcing their decision to step back in January 2020, Harry and his wife were involved in talks with Jeffrey Katzenberg, the founder of the now-defunct streaming platform Quibi, over a possible role in the service without gaining personal profits, but they eventually decided against joining the project.[225] In September 2019, it was reported that the couple had hired New York-based PR firm Sunshine Sachs.[226][227] In June 2020, they signed with the Harry Walker Agency, owned by media company Endeavor, to conduct paid public speaking engagements.[228] In September 2020, the Sussexes signed a private commercial deal with Netflix "to develop scripted and unscripted series, film, documentaries, and children programming for the streaming service".[229] In October 2020, the couple hosted a special episode of Time 100 Talks with the theme being on "Engineering a Better World".[230][231] In December 2020, the Duke and Duchess signed a multi-year deal with Spotify to produce and host their own programs through their audio producing company, Archewell Audio.[232] A holiday special was released by the couple on the service in December 2020.[233] In March 2021, San Francisco-based mental health start-up BetterUp, a company that helps people get in contact with coaches or counsellors, said that Harry would become its first chief impact officer; he "will help promote mental fitness and expand the company's roster of coaches and customers, among other duties". Harry added that he had been working with a BetterUp coach himself and found it "invaluable."[234][235] In the same month, Harry was appointed as a commissioner for the Aspen Institute's Commission on Information Disorder to carry out a six-month study on the state of misinformation and disinformation in the United States.[236] The study was published in November 2021 as a report with 15 recommendations.[237] In the following month, in his capacity as BetterUp's chief impact officer, Harry was interviewed by Fast Company, stating that the recent trend of people leaving their jobs (known as the Great Resignation) was something that needed to be celebrated, though his remarks were criticised for coming from a position of privilege.[238][239] In April 2022, reports emerged of criticism by the company's coaches over the new metrics placed for evaluating their services and over the opacity surrounding Harry's actual role in the firm.[240] In April 2019, it was announced that Harry was working as co-creator and executive producer on a documentary series about mental health together with Oprah Winfrey, which was initially set to air in 2020 on Apple TV+.[241] It was later announced that the series, titled The Me You Can't See, would be released on 21 May 2021.[242] In the following month, UCAS reported an increase in the percentage of students declaring mental health issues on their university applications, citing self-help books and Prince Harry's statements on his struggles with "panic attacks and anxiety" as contributing factors.[243] In July 2021, it was announced that Harry was set to publish a memoir via Penguin Random House in late 2022, with proceeds from its sales going to charity and Harry reportedly earning an advance of at least $20 million.[244][245] It will be ghostwritten by novelist J. R. Moehringer.[246][247] In the following month, Harry confirmed that $1.5 million of the proceeds from the memoir would go to the charity Sentebale.[248] The memoir is reportedly part of a four-book publishing deal that also includes a second book by Harry and a wellness guide by Meghan.[249] In September 2021, Harry and Meghan went to New York, where they visited the 9/11 Memorial with New York governor Kathy Hochul and New York City mayor Bill de Blasio, and held meetings with the U.N. Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed and the U.S. ambassador to the U.N. Linda Thomas-Greenfield.[250][251] In October 2021, Harry and Meghan announced their partnership with Ethic, a sustainable investment firm based in New York City, which also manages the couple's investments.[252][253] According to state filings from Delaware, where the couple's Archewell foundation is registered, Harry and Meghan incorporated 11 companies and a trust beginning in early 2020 which include Orinoco Publishing LLC and Peca Publishing LLC to hold the rights for their books as well as Cobblestone Lane LLC and IPHW LLC which are holders of their foundation's logos.[254] Charity workHumanitarian and environmental activitiesIn 2006, he was in Lesotho to visit Mants'ase Children's Home near Mohale's Hoek, which he first toured in 2004. Along with Prince Seeiso of Lesotho, he launched Sentebale: The Princes' Fund for Lesotho, a charity to aid children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. He has granted his patronage to organisations including WellChild, Dolen Cymru, MapAction and the London Marathon Charitable Trust; he stepped down from MapAction in 2019 and the London Marathon Charitable Trust in 2021.[255][256][257] In 2007, William and Harry organised the Concert for Diana, in memory of their mother, which benefited the charities and patronages of Diana, William, and Harry.[258] In October 2008, Harry and his brother embarked on the 1,000 mile eight-day Enduro Africa motorbike ride across South Africa to raise money for Sentebale, UNICEF and the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund.[259] In September 2009, William and Harry set up The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to enable the princes to take forward their charitable ambitions.[260][261][262] Harry left the charity in June 2019.[263] After taking part in an unfinished trip to the North Pole with Walking With The Wounded in 2011, Harry joined the charity's 200-mile expedition to the South Pole in December 2013, accompanying twelve injured servicemen and women from the UK, the US and the Commonwealth.[264][265] As patron of Walk of Britain, he walked with the team on 30 September[266] and 20 October 2015.[267] To raise awareness for HIV testing, Harry took a test live on the royal family Facebook page on 14 July 2016.[268] He later attended the 21st International AIDS Conference in Durban, South Africa, on 21 July 2016.[269][270] On World AIDS Day, Harry and Rihanna helped publicise HIV testing by taking the test themselves.[271] Since 2016, Harry has been working with Terrence Higgins Trust to raise awareness about HIV and sexual health.[272][273] In November 2019, to mark the National HIV Testing Week, the Duke interviewed HIV+ Rugby player Gareth Thomas on behalf of the trust.[274] In December 2017, Harry guest edited BBC Radio 4's Today programme, conducting interviews with his father, the Prince of Wales, former US president Barack Obama, and others on issues such as youth violence, the Armed Forces, mental health, the Commonwealth, conservation and the environment.[275][276] On 27 December 2017, Harry was officially appointed the new president of African Parks, a conservation NGO.[277] He previously spent three weeks in Malawi with African Parks where he joined a team of volunteers and professionals to carry out one of the largest elephant translocations in history. The effort to repopulate areas decimated due to poaching and habitat loss moved 500 elephants from Liwonde and Majete National Parks to Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve.[278] Harry had previously helped with relocating rhinos in the Okavango Delta and later became patron of the Rhino Conservation Botswana.[279] In July 2018, the Elton John AIDS Foundation announced that the Duke of Sussex and British singer Elton John were about to launch a global coalition called MenStar that would focus "on treating HIV infections in men".[280][281] In March 2019, Prince Harry gave a speech at WE Day UK, an annual event organised by We Charity to inspire young people to become more active towards global social and environmental change.[282] He discussed mental health, climate change and the importance of social participation.[283] In May 2019, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex together with Harry's brother and sister-in-law launched Shout, the UK's first 24/7 text messaging service for those who suffer from mental issues.[284] Harry attended a Google summit in August 2019 and gave a speech on the importance of tackling climate change in Sicily. He explained that he and Meghan plan to have no more than 2 children to help sustain the environment.[285] In September 2019, the Duke launched Travalyst during his visit to the Netherlands after two years of development. The initiative is set "to encourage sustainable practices in the travel industry" and "tackle climate change and environmental damage", in collaboration with a number of companies, including Tripadvisor, Booking.com, Ctrip, Skyscanner, and Visa Inc.[286][287] The organisation later announced a partnership with Google in 2021.[288] In October 2019, along with other members of the royal family, Harry voiced a Public Health England announcement, for the "Every Mind Matters" mental health program.[289] In February 2020, Harry recorded a new version of the song "Unbroken" with Jon Bon Jovi. The new version features backing vocals from members of the Invictus Choir.[290] The song was released on 27 March 2020, the proceeds of which were donated to the Invictus Games Foundation.[291] In April 2020, Harry launched a new initiative named HeadFIT, a platform designed to provide mental support for members of the armed forces. The initiative was developed mutually by the Royal Foundation's Heads Together campaign, the Ministry of Defence, and King's College London.[292] In April 2020, the Duke and Duchess delivered foods prepared by the Project Angel Food to Los Angeles residents amidst the -19 pandemic in the United States.[293] In June 2020, the couple backed the Stop Hate for Profit campaign and encouraged CEOs of different companies to join the movement.[294] In August 2020, Harry and Meghan collaborated with Baby2Baby and participated in drive-through distribution of school supplies to students.[295] During the UK's Remembrance Week in November 2020, he joined American veterans from The Mission Continues Service Platoons to distribute food with Compton Veterans and the Walker Family Events Foundation in Compton, California.[296] In April 2021, Harry and Meghan were announced as campaign chairs for Vax Live: The Concert to Reunite the World, an event organised by Global Citizen to increase access to -19 vaccinations.[297] They also announced their support for a vaccine equity fundraiser initiated by the same organisation,[298] and penned an open letter to the pharmaceutical industry CEOs urging them to address the vaccine equity crisis.[299] Later that month, he narrated "Hope Starts Here", a special video rereleased by African Parks to mark the Earth Day in which he urged organisations and communities to preserve biodiversity and paid tribute to his grandfather Prince Philip for his efforts as a conservationist.[300] He helped with the establishment of Peak State, a mental fitness programme aimed at providing tools and resources for managing mental health, to which he publicly lent his support in May 2021.[301][302] Like his mother, Harry has worked with the HALO Trust, an organisation that removes debris—particularly landmines—left behind by war.[303] He had previously visited a minefield in Mozambique with the charity and spent two days learning about their work and mine-clearing techniques.[304] In 2013 he was named as patron of the charity's 25th Anniversary Appeal.[305] In September 2019, he walked through a de-mining site in Angola, the same country visited by his mother 22 years earlier.[303] In June 2021, after ten members of the trust were killed by an armed group at a mine clearance camp in Afghanistan, Harry issued a statement saying the attack "was nothing less than an act of barbarism".[306] In September 2021, together with First Lady Jill Biden, he hosted a virtual event for the Warrior Games, which were cancelled due to the -19 pandemic.[307] In the same month, Harry and Meghan spoke again in support of vaccine equity at the Global Citizen Live concert.[308] In October 2021, he spoke against oil drilling in the Okavango River in an op-ed for The Washington Post.[309] In the same month and ahead of the 2021 G20 Rome summit, Harry and his wife penned an open letter together with the Director-General of the World Health Organization Tedros Adhanom, asking the G20 leaders to expedite efforts for the global distribution of -19 vaccines.[310] In January 2022 and following criticism aimed at Spotify for their handling of -19 misinformation, Harry and Meghan made an announcement stating that since April 2021 they had begun "expressing concerns" about the issue on the platform.[311] In March 2022, they were among more than a hundred people who signed an open letter published by the People's Vaccine Alliance, asking for free global access to -19 vaccines and calling out the UK, EU and Switzerland for opposing a waiver that would allow vaccine intellectual property protections to be lifted.[312] In April 2022 and in a video featuring Rhys Darby and Dave Fane on Māori Television, Harry launched an eco-travel campaign through his non-profit Travalyst, encouraging people to travel sustainably.[313] In August 2022, Harry travelled to Africa in his role as president of African Parks to welcome a gathering of "a group of U.S. officials, conservationists and philanthropists, as they tour protected wildlife and nature areas".[314] SportHarry enjoys playing many sports, including competitive polo, skiing, and motocross.[29] Like his brother and father, he has participated in polo matches to raise money for charitable causes.[29][315] Harry is also a keen Rugby football fan and supported England's bid to host rugby union's 2015 Rugby World Cup,[316] and presented the trophy at rugby league's 2019 Challenge Cup finals.[317] In 2004, Harry trained as a Rugby Development Officer for the Rugby Football Union and coached students in schools to encourage them to learn the sport. He, along with former rugby player Brian Moore, both argued that in response to Black Lives Matter, the song "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" should no longer be sung in rugby context.[318][319] Until February 2021, he was the patron of both the Rugby Football Union and Rugby Football League, Rugby League's governing body in England.[320][104] In 2012, together with the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, Harry launched Coach Core. The program was set up following the 2012 Olympics and provides apprenticeship opportunities for people who desire to pursue a career as a professional coach.[321] In January 2017, Harry visited the Running Charity and its partner Depaul UK to highlight the role of sport in helping homeless and vulnerable people.[322] In June 2019, the Duke was present at the launch of Made by Sport, a charity coalition set to raise money to boost sport in disadvantaged communities. In his statement, he lent his support to the charity by arguing that its role in bringing sport into the life of disadvantaged people would save "hundreds of millions of pounds" towards treating the issues among young people.[323] Sussex Royal and ArchewellIn June 2019, it was announced that the Duke and Duchess of Sussex would split from The Royal Foundation and establish their own charity foundation by the end of 2019. Nevertheless, the couple would collaborate with Harry's brother and his wife on mutual projects, such as the mental health initiative Heads Together.[324][325] In July 2019, Harry and Meghan's new charity was registered in England and Wales under the title "Sussex Royal The Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Sussex".[326] On 21 February, it was confirmed that "Sussex Royal" would not be used as a brand name for the couple following their withdrawal from public life.[327] On 5 August 2020, Sussex Royal Foundation was renamed "MWX Foundation" and dissolved the same day.[328] In March 2021, it was reported that the Charity Commission for England and Wales was conducting a review of the Sussex Royal organisation in a "regulatory and compliance case" regarding its conduct under charity law during dissolution.[329] Representatives for the couple claimed that Sussex Royal was "managed by a board of trustees" and that "suggestion of mismanagement" directed exclusively at the Duke and Duchess would be incorrect.[329] The commission later concluded that the foundation did not act unlawfully, but criticised the board of directors for expending a "substantial proportion of funds" to setting up and closing the charity.[330][331] In April 2020, Meghan and Harry confirmed their new foundation (in lieu of Sussex Royal) would be called "Archewell".[332] The name stems from the Greek word "arche", which means "source of action"; the same word that inspired the name of their son.[332] Archewell was registered in the United States.[333] Its website was officially launched in October 2020.[334] Public imageIn his youth, Harry earned a reputation for being rebellious, leading the tabloid press to label him a "wild child".[335] At age 17, he was seen smoking cannabis, drinking underage with friends, and clashing physically with paparazzi outside nightclubs.[335][336] In early 2005, he was photographed at a "Colonial and Native" themed costume party in Wiltshire wearing a Nazi German Afrika Korps uniform with a swastika armband.[337] He later issued a public statement apologising for his behaviour.[338] In an interview for his 21st birthday he stated that it "was a very stupid thing to do and I've learnt my lesson".[339] In January 2005, in response to an inquiry about his Zimbabwean girlfriend Chelsy Davy, Harry responded "She's not black or anything, you know".[340] In January 2009, the British tabloid, the News of the World, revealed a video made by Harry three years earlier in which he referred to a Pakistani fellow officer cadet as "our little Paki friend" and called a soldier wearing a camouflage hood a "raghead". These terms were described by Leader of the Opposition at the time David Cameron as "unacceptable",[341] and by The Daily Telegraph as "racist".[341] A British Muslim youth organisation called Harry a "thug".[342] Further extracts showed him telling a comrade "I love you" before giving him a kiss on the cheek and licking his face, and asking another whether he felt gay, queer, or on the side.[343][344] He was also filmed pretending to have a call with his grandmother, stating "I've got to go, got to go. Send my love to the corgis and Grandpa ... God save you."[343] Clarence House immediately issued an apology from Harry, who stated that no malice was intended in his remarks.[345] In the same year, British stand-up comedian Stephen K. Amos alleged that after a stand-up show for the Prince of Wales's 60th birthday celebrations in November 2008 Harry had commented on his performance by saying, "You don't sound like a black chap", though he hoped that the remarks were made in jest.[346] In October 2007, a video from Harry's trip to Namibia with his friends surfaced, which showed him snorting vodka and licking a male friend's nipples.[347][348] While on holiday in Las Vegas in August 2012, Harry and an unknown young woman were photographed naked in a Wynn Las Vegas hotel room, reportedly during a game of strip billiards. The pictures were leaked by American celebrity website TMZ on 21 August 2012,[349] and reported worldwide by mainstream media on 22 August 2012.[350][351][352] The photographs were shown by the American media, but British media were reluctant to publish them.[353] Royal aides suggested Clarence House would contact the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) if British publications used the pictures.[354] St James's Palace confirmed that Harry was in the photographs, saying that he was essentially a victim whose privacy had been invaded and contacted the PCC upon hearing that a number of British newspapers were considering publishing the photographs.[355] On 24 August 2012, The Sun newspaper published the photographs.[356] In September 2010, Harry was the subject of an animal cruelty investigation by the Hurlingham Polo Association after his polo pony was pictured with a wound on its side that some animal welfare activists alleged was caused by spikes on his spurs.[357] He was cleared of any wrongdoing or cruelty after an independent vet concluded that it was more likely the wound had been caused by a collision rather than spurs.[358] In view of their environmental activism, Harry and his wife were criticised in August 2019 for reportedly taking four private jet journeys in 11 days, including one to Elton John's home in Nice, France.[359] The criticism was in line with the reactions the royal family faced in June 2019, after it was revealed that they "had doubled [their] carbon footprint from business travel".[360][361] Harry received backlash again in August 2021 and 2022 for taking a two-hour flight on private jets between California and Aspen, Colorado, to participate in an annual charity polo tournament.[362][363] In June 2022 and on their way to California after the Queen's Platinum Jubilee, Harry and Meghan boarded a private jet that was estimated to have emitted "ten times more carbon than flying commercial".[364] In July 2019, Harry and his wife attended the premiere of The Lion King in London.[365] Their attendance garnered commentary and criticism as it took place on the date of a memorial concert for the Royal Marines killed by the IRA, to which Harry was invited as Captain General of the Royal Marines, but had declined to attend.[366] In December 2021, reports emerged about Harry's meetings with Saudi businessman Mahfouz Marei Mubarak bin Mahfouz, whose receipt of a CBE became the subject of an investigation by the Scottish Charity Regulator.[367] Mahfouz had met Prince Harry in 2013 and 2014 and donated £50,000 to his charity Sentebale and £10,000 to Walking With The Wounded, of which Harry is patron. The Sunday Times claimed that the meetings with Harry opened the way for Mahfouz to get access to the Prince of Wales.[368] Harry referred to the incident as the "CBE scandal" in December 2021 and stated that he severed ties with Mahfouz in 2015 after expressing "growing concerns" about his motives, though aides from his father's household denied having any discussions with him regarding Mahfouz.[369] A spokesperson for Sentebale defended the meetings and added that there was not any impropriety regarding the donations.[370] In 2018 and 2021, Harry was selected as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time magazine.[371] In 2019, the magazine named Harry and his wife among the 25 Most Influential People on the Internet.[372] In 2021, they were featured on one of the magazine's seven worldwide Time 100 covers.[373] Privacy and the mediaLegal issues and incidentsAssociated Newspapers LimitedOn 30 January 2020, the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) sided with the Mail on Sunday over a dispute between the Duke and the newspaper regarding an Instagram photo involving Harry in which, according to the newspaper, elephants were in fact "tranquilised" and "tethered" during a relocating process. The IPSO rejected Harry's claim that the paper's description was "inaccurate" or "misleading".[374] In December 2020, Harry's legal team sued Associated Newspapers Limited (ANL) for publishing a story in the Mail on Sunday claiming his working relationship with the Royal Marines had suffered post-royal departure.[375] The newspaper subsequently accepted the claims were false, and issued an apology. The prince's lawyer said the "substantial damages" paid by the publisher would be donated to the Invictus Games Foundation.[376] In November 2021, Harry and Meghan's former communications secretary Jason Knauf gave a statement to the court following ANL's appeal against a judge's ruling that accused the media company of breaching Meghan's privacy for publishing a letter she had sent to her father.[377] Knauf mentioned the Duchess of Sussex directly gave him briefing points to share with Finding Freedom's authors Omid Scobie and Carolyn Durand and added that the Duke of Sussex had welcomed the suggestion that they should conceal their involvement with the process of writing the book, while they both discussed the book "on a routine basis".[378] ANL had previously applied to use the book in their defense, arguing that the Duke and Duchess had "co-operated with the authors of the recently published book Finding Freedom to put out their version of certain events".[379][380] In February 2022, Harry filed a libel suit in the High Court against Associated Newspapers Limited for a Mail on Sunday article which alleged he was trying to keep his legal battle against the Home Office to restore his police protection secret from the public through requesting a confidentiality order on the case.[381][382] His lawyers claimed that the article questioned "his willingness to pay for police protection" and asked for the story to be taken down, demanding damages due to a "frenzy of hostile comments" that had caused "considerable distress and hurt".[383] In June 2022, Mr Justice Nicklin ruled that parts of the article were potentially defamatory as it implied Harry had been "spinning the facts" and had only offered to pay for the security arrangements after the legal battle against the Home Office began, though Nicklin rejected claims by Harry's lawyers that the article portrayed him as a liar.[384] Further hearings are scheduled to determine whether the libel case proceeds or fails.[384] Other casesIn February 2014, a judge sentenced the convicted criminal Ashraf Islam to three years in prison, as he had plotted to murder Harry and had given it "considerable thought" due to his belief that Harry had "a moral guilt" since he was in the army.[385][386] In June 2019, two members of the neo-Nazi group Sonnenkrieg Division were jailed for eighteen months and four years, respectively, for sharing propaganda posters among which was one that labeled Harry as a "race traitor" with a gun pointed at his head.[387] In May 2019, Splash News issued a formal apology to the Sussexes for sending photographers to their Cotswolds residence, which put their privacy at risk. The agency also agreed to pay damages and legal costs associated with the case.[388][389] In October 2019, it was announced that Harry had sued The Sun, the Daily Mirror and the now-defunct News of the World "in relation to alleged phone-hacking".[390] Former News of the World royal editor Clive Goodman had previously stated that he had hacked Harry's phone on nine occasions.[391] Among other points discussed in the lawsuit was a report by the News of the World about Harry's visit to a drugs rehabilitation clinic after smoking cannabis in January 2002, which according to his legal team was "to blag" his father into believing that Harry was a drunkard and drug addict in order "to get an exclusive but 'softer' story" on his alleged issues with drugs and alcohol, a claim that was denied by the outlet's publisher News Group Newspapers.[392] In January 2020, lawyers issued a legal warning to the press after paparazzi photographs were published in the media.[393] After his resignation from the royal family was announced, Harry appeared "to lay the blame at the feet of the press" for his decision.[394] In March 2020, the couple took Splash UK to court after the Duchess and their son were photographed without permission during a "private family outing" while staying in Canada. The case was settled later that year with Splash UK agreeing to no longer take unauthorised photos of the family.[395] On 20 April 2020, the Duke and Duchess announced that they would no longer cooperate with the Daily Mail, the Sun, the Mirror and the Express.[396] They won an apology in October from American news agency X17 for taking photographs of their son at their home using drones.[397] A September 2020 article by The Times claiming an Invictus Games fundraiser had been cancelled due to its affiliation with a competitor of Netflix, Harry's business partner, became the subject of a legal complaint issued by the Duke.[398] In January 2022, the couple mutually filed a legal complaint against The Times for an article reporting on Archewell raising less than $50,000 in 2020.[399] Despite the palace congratulating the Duke and Duchess on the birth of their daughter Lilibet in June 2021, a few days later the BBC reported that Harry and Meghan had not sought the permission of the Queen before naming their daughter with her personal family nickname.[400][401] Lawyers for the couple subsequently accused the BBC of defamation and sent letters out to various media organisations saying the report was false and defamatory, and the allegations should not be repeated as Harry had spoken to the Queen before announcing their daughter's name.[402][403] In January 2022, it was revealed that Harry, whose taxpayer-funded police security was taken away after stepping back from royal roles in 2020, had been in a legal fight since September 2021 to challenge the Home Office's refusal to allow him to pay for police protection in a personal capacity when in the UK as he believed his private security team's lack of access to local intelligence and legal jurisdiction abroad would make them unable to protect his family.[404][405] Following the first court hearing of the case, it was revealed that after Harry's decision to step back from his royal duties the Royal and VIP Executive Committee (RAVEC) had placed him in an "exceptional category", as a result of which his future police protection in the UK would be contingent on the reason and circumstances of each visit as well as the functions he carries.[406][407] After receiving applications by the Duke and the Home Office to keep parts of the case private, the High Court ruled in March 2022 that some parts of it would remain confidential.[408] Mr Justice Swift also reacted to the Duke's legal team sending a copy of the ruling to someone who was not a lawyer, describing it as "entirely unacceptable".[408] In July 2022, Mr Justice Swift granted permission for part of Harry's claim to proceed for a judicial review.[409] In August 2022, Harry filed a lawsuit against the Home Office and the Metropolitan Police, challenging the decision by RAVEC from January 2022 which stated that State security could not be made available to private individuals even if they wished to pay for it themselves.[410][411] Oprah interview and Twitter trollingHarry and his wife were interviewed by Oprah Winfrey in a television special for CBS, broadcast on 7 March 2021.[412] Meghan spoke about "stepping into life as a royal, marriage, motherhood" and "how she is handling life under intense public pressure". Harry joined her later, and the pair talked about the initial difficulties associated with their move to the United States in 2020 and their plans for the future.[413] During the interview, Harry criticised his father's parenting style while he was trying to deal with the death of his mother.[414][415] He maintained his father did not answer his calls and had cut him off financially, and he had no relationship with his brother, Prince William, stating "The relationship is space, at the moment. Time heals all things, hopefully."[416] There was a wide and polarised reaction to the interview.[417] In October 2021, Twitter analytics service Bot Sentinel released their analysis of more than 114,000 tweets about the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, as a result of which they found 83 accounts with a combined number of 187,631 followers responsible for approximately 70% of the negative content posted about the couple.[418] The report prompted an investigation by Twitter.[418] Twitter stated that it found no evidence of "widespread coordination" between the accounts, and said that it had taken action against users who violated Twitter's conduct policy.[418][419] Bot Sentinel also released three more reports in the following months, arguing that the accounts were part of a "bot network" and a similar network could be found on YouTube.[420][421] In January 2022, the BBC named Harry and Meghan among people whose photos and videos were used in fake instant profits advertisements and bitcoin-related investment schemes.[422] Titles, styles, honours and arms Royal monogramTitles and styles1984–2018: His Royal Highness Prince Henry of Wales2018–present: His Royal Highness The Duke of Sussex[fn 5]On the morning of his wedding,[424] the Queen granted him the Dukedom of Sussex, as well as two subsidiary titles, Earl of Dumbarton and Baron Kilkeel. Harry uses the earldom in Scotland[425] and the barony in Northern Ireland.[426][427] On 18 January 2020, Buckingham Palace announced that, following their decision to step back from royal duties, from 31 March 2020 Harry and his wife would not use their Royal Highness styles, but as a British prince, he will not be stripped of his style and titles.[428][423] Before his marriage, Harry used Wales as his surname for military purposes and was known as Captain Harry Wales in such contexts.[429] On 4 June 2015, as part of the 2015 Special Honours, Harry was knighted by his grandmother, the Queen, for "services to the sovereign", being appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO).[430] Military ranks United KingdomUnited Kingdom 8 May 2005: Officer cadet, The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst[431]United Kingdom 13 April 2006: Cornet (Second Lieutenant), The Blues and Royals[432]United Kingdom 13 April 2008: Lieutenant, The Blues and Royals[32]United Kingdom 16 April 2011: Captain, The Blues and Royals[59]United Kingdom 14 May 2018: Lieutenant Commander, Royal Navy[433]United Kingdom 14 May 2018: Major, Army[434]United Kingdom 14 May 2018: Squadron Leader, Royal Air Force[435]HonoursSee also: List of honours of the British royal family by countryQueen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.png 6 February 2002: Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal[436]OSM for Afghanistan w bar.svg 5 May 2008: Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan[53]QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg 6 February 2012: Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal[436]Royal Victorian Order UK ribbon.png 4 June 2015: Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO)[437]Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal.png 6 February 2022: Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal[436]ForeignSpain 2017: Order of Isabella the Catholic[438]Appointments13 October 2018 – 19 February 2021: Personal Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty The Queen (ADC)[439][440]FellowshipsJamaica 6 March 2012 – present: Honorary Fellow of the University of the West Indies[441]Former honorary military appointmentsUnited Kingdom United KingdomUnited Kingdom 8 August 2006 – 19 February 2021: Commodore-in-Chief of Small Ships and Diving[442]United Kingdom 3 October 2008 – 19 February 2021: Honorary Air Commandant of RAF Honington[443] 19 December 2017 – 19 February 2021: Captain General Royal Marines[444]In February 2021, it was announced via written confirmation that Harry's honorary military appointments (i.e. those mentioned above) were returned to the Queen.[440] Canada CanadaCanada 10 November 2009 – present: Honorary Canadian Ranger[445]Humanitarian awardsHarry's charitable efforts have been recognised three times by the international community. In December 2010, the German charity Ein Herz für Kinder ("A Heart for Children") awarded him the Golden Heart Award, in recognition of his "charitable and humanitarian efforts".[446][447] On 7 May 2012, the Atlantic Council awarded him its Distinguished Humanitarian Leadership Award.[448] In August 2018, the Royal Canadian Legion granted him the 2018 Founders Award for his role in founding the Invictus Games.[449] In October 2018, he was presented with the RSA Badge in Gold, the organisation's highest honour, for his work with injured veterans.[450] In July 2021, Harry and Meghan were among people who were selected by UK-based charity Population Matters to receive the Change Champions award for their decision to have only two children and help with maintaining a smaller and more sustainable population.[451] In February 2022, Harry and Meghan were selected to receive NAACP's President's Award for their work on causes related to social justice and equity.[452] ArmsCoat of arms of the Duke of Sussex Coat of Arms of Harry, Duke of Sussex.svgNotesOn his 18th birthday, Harry was granted his own personal coat of arms, consisting of the Arms of the Sovereign in right of the United Kingdom with a Label for difference.[453][454] The College of Arms has stated that his label will change to one of three points, with each point bearing an escallop, when his father or brother accede to the throne.[454]Granted15 September 2002CrestOn a Coronet of a child of the Heir Apparent a Lion statant guardant Or, crowned with a like Coronet and differenced by a Label as in the Arms.EscutcheonThe Royal Arms differenced by a Label of five points Argent, the first, third and fifth points charged with an Escallop Gules.SupportersAs with the Royal Arms differenced by a like Coronet and Label.OrdersThe Royal Victorian Order ribbon.VICTORIABannerRoyal Standard of Prince Henry of Wales.svg The Royal Standard of the United Kingdom labelled for difference as in his arms.Royal Standard of Prince Henry of Wales (in Scotland).svg (in Scotland)SymbolismAs he is the grandchild of the sovereign, Harry's coat of arms displays a label of five points.[453] The escallops (seashells) allude to his mother Diana, Princess of Wales,[453] whose Spencer coat of arms includes three Escallops Argent.AncestryAgnatically, Harry is a member of the House of Glücksburg, a cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg, one of Europe's oldest royal houses. Harry's paternal grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, issued letters patent on 8 February 1960 declaring his father to be a member of the House of Windsor.[455] Ancestors on Harry's father's side include most of the royal families of Europe,[455] and on his mother's side, the earls Spencer—a cadet branch of the Spencer family descended from the earls of Sunderland; the senior branch are now also dukes of Marlborough; the Barons Fermoy; and more anciently from Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, and Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond—two illegitimate sons of King Charles II.[456] Harry and his brother William descend matrilineally from Eliza Kewark, a housekeeper for his eighteenth-century ancestor Theodore Forbes—a Scottish merchant who worked for the East India Company in Surat. She is variously described in contemporary documents as "a dark-skinned native woman", "an Armenian woman from Bombay", and "Mrs. Forbesian".[456] Genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner assumed Kewark was Armenian.[457] In June 2013, BritainsDNA announced that genealogical DNA tests on two of Harry and William's distant matrilineal cousins confirm Kewark was matrilineally of Indian descent.[458][459][460][461] Ancestors of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex[462][463]FilmographyTelevision appearancesYearTitleNetworkRef.Notes2004The Forgotten Kingdom: Prince Harry in LesothoITN[30]Also producer2012The Diamond QueenBBC[464]2014Harry's South Pole HeroesITV[465]2016Our Queen at 90[466]Elizabeth at 90: A Family TributeBBC[467]Prince Harry in AfricaITV[468]2017Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy[469]Diana, 7 DaysBBC[470]2018Queen of the WorldHBO[471]2019Harry & Meghan: An African JourneyITV[472]2020Rising PhoenixNetflix[473]2021Oprah with Meghan and HarryCBS[474]The Me You Can't SeeApple TV[475]Also producerTBAHeart of InvictusNetflix[476]Also producerBibliographyBooksPrince Harry, The Duke of Sussex, "Foreword", in: Connaughton, Chris (2021). Hospital by the Hill.Authored articles and lettersPrince Harry, Duke of Sussex (2019). "I have always loved wild places". African Parks.Prince Harry, The Duke of Sussex (6 August 2020). "Social media is dividing us. Together, we can redesign it". Fast Company.Prince Harry; Mangundu, Reinhold (14 October 2021). "Protect the Okavango River Basin from corporate drilling". The Washington Post.Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus; Prince Harry, The Duke of Sussex; Meghan, The Duchess of Sussex (29 October 2021). "Meeting the -19 vaccine commitments". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021.Prince Harry, The Duke of Sussex (1 December 2021). "Letter from Prince Harry to Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus and Ms Winnie Byanyima on World AIDS Day". UNAIDS.Footnotes As a member of the Royal Family entitled to be called His Royal Highness, Harry does not normally use a surname. He has used both Mountbatten-Windsor, and – in his military career – Wales.[1] According to letters patent of February 1960, his house and family name is Windsor. He was officially styled Prince Henry of Wales from birth until his marriage, but is known as Prince Harry. "Harry" is a diminutive form of "Henry". Rumours that Harry is the son of James Hewitt, with whom his mother had an affair, have been denied by Hewitt.[7] Hewitt said, "I must state once and for all that I'm not Harry's father. When I met Diana, he was already a toddler."[7] Diana's police bodyguard Ken Wharfe[7] and her butler Paul Burrell[8] agreed that Hewitt and Diana did not meet until after Harry's birth. Harry had six godparents: Prince Andrew (his paternal uncle); Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones (his paternal first cousin once removed); Carolyn Bartholomew (née Pride); Bryan Organ (a British artist); Gerald Ward (a former officer in the Household Cavalry); and Celia, Lady Vestey (née Knight).[9] While Harry retains the style of His Royal Highness as is his right as a British prince, he does not use it in a public capacity since 31 March 2020.[423] Life in a heavily fortified military base thousands of miles from home, in the middle of a desert that is a battleground, may not seem like normal life for most people. But in the interviews he gave while in Afghanistan, Prince Harry said the austere environment at Camp Bastion was about "as normal as it's going to get" for a 28-year-old member of the Windsor family. A vast featureless base in the middle of Helmand province, Camp Bastion is home to thousands of British military personnel, and Captain Wales was not afforded any privileges as he ate and slept among them. During his 20-week tour, he lived in a shared room in an accommodation block made from modified shipping containers. The prince furnished his with a couple of rugs from Afghanistan and the UK. He had the freedom to walk around the base, to visit the gym, drop off his laundry and eat in the canteen – albeit accompanied by officers from SO14, the Metropolitan police's royal protection branch. But even this didn't give him the anonymity he says he wanted. Being stuck in camp was a "pain in the arse" and "frustrating", he said. "For me it's not that normal because I go into the cookhouse and everyone has a good old gawp, and that's one thing that I dislike about being here," he said. "Because there's plenty of guys in there that have never met me, therefore look at me as Prince Harry and not as Captain Wales, which is frustrating. Which is probably another reason why I'd love to be out in the PBs [patrol bases], away from it all. It's as normal as it's going to get. I'm one of the guys. I don't get treated any differently." The prince described how the Apache crews spent some of their time in the "very high readiness" tents, which are manned round the clock by four airmen. These are the crews that deploy immediately when a situation arises, rather than for operations that have been planned. There is a "shout" telephone in the tent that rings when they are needed. From there it is a 45-second sprint to the helicopters, which will already be fully armed and fuelled. The pilots' kit is draped across the weapons pylons. "It is probably the most rewarding if you're busy," Harry said. "You can fly up to seven-and-a-half hours in a day. We did seven hours ten [minutes] the other day, which is exhausting. And other days you can be in and out of the tent eight or ten times doing half-an-hour here, 45 minutes there, etcetera. It's definitely the one that has the most exciting end product, I suppose. "As soon as we get a shout, whatever it is, we just try to do the best we can to get up there as quick as we can. We get to the aircraft as quick as possible – about six-and-a-half, seven minutes is the quickest we've got it going. You can't lift off until certain things are done in the aircraft and then as soon as you've got clearance from the ops room … off you go as fast as you can. Once you're there, who knows what the situation's going to be like." He added: "Every time you run to the aircraft you get that adrenaline rush, and then once you're in the aircraft you've got to try to slow yourself down because otherwise if the adrenaline's pumping too much and everything happens too quickly, then you're going to miss something. You narrow down the checks to keep them as short and as brief as possible. It's all about getting from A to B as quickly as possible, but at the end of a day [if] you've had a few shouts and things have got quite hectic in the cockpit, and you've got no adrenaline left in you, then you are exhausted." … we have a small favour to ask. Tens of millions have placed their trust in the Guardian’s fearless journalism since we started publishing 200 years ago, turning to us in moments of crisis, uncertainty, solidarity and hope. More than 1.5 million supporters, from 180 countries, now power us financially – keeping us open to all, and fiercely independent. Unlike many others, the Guardian has no shareholders and no billionaire owner. Just the determination and passion to deliver high-impact global reporting, always free from commercial or political influence. Reporting like this is vital for democracy, for fairness and to demand better from the powerful. And we provide all this for free, for everyone to read. We do this because we believe in information equality. Greater numbers of people can keep track of the events shaping our world, understand their impact on people and communities, and become inspired to take meaningful action. Millions can benefit from open access to quality, truthful news, regardless of their ability to pay for it. Prince Harry, duke of Sussex, in full Prince Henry Charles Albert David, duke of Sussex, earl of Dumbarton, Baron Kilkeel, formerly Prince Harry of Wales, (born September 15, 1984, London, England), younger son of Charles, prince of Wales, and Diana, princess of Wales. Early lifeBecause of Princess Diana’s desire that Harry and his elder brother, Prince William, experience the world beyond royal privilege, she took them as boys on public transportation and to fast food restaurants and stood in line with them at Disney World. Determined that they “have an understanding of people’s emotions, their insecurities, people’s distress, and their hopes and dreams,” she also took Harry and William with her when she visited homeless shelters, orphanages, and hospitals. Diana’s death at age 36 had a profound impact on Harry. The image of him at age 12 walking solemnly with William behind Diana’s casket as it was carried through the streets of London did much to endear Harry to the British people. Like William, Harry attended a sequence of private schools before entering prestigious Eton College. After graduating from Eton in 2003, Harry visited Argentina and Africa and worked on a cattle station in Australia and in an orphanage in Lesotho. Instead of going to university, Harry entered Sandhurst—Britain’s leading military academy for training army officers—in May 2005. He was commissioned an officer in April 2006. Prince Harry manning a machine gun in AfghanistanPrince Harry manning a machine gun in AfghanistanHarry being in the line of succession to the British throne, he was often the subject of media attention. In January 2005 he encountered intense criticism when he attended a party wearing a Nazi uniform with a swastika armband. The prince later apologized for what he conceded was a serious error of judgment. Military service in AfghanistanIn February 2007 it was announced that Harry’s army regiment would be deployed to Iraq, but, on advice from the armed services, it was decided that neither Harry nor William would serve with Britain’s forces in Iraq, for fear that they would become specific targets of attack and so put their fellow soldiers at excessive risk. However, in December 2007 Harry began serving a tour of duty in Afghanistan after the British media agreed to not publicize details of his service; his tour ended in February 2008 after foreign news outlets reported his deployment. In 2012–13 he again was stationed in Afghanistan, where he served as a helicopter pilot. Harry, who attained the rank of captain, left active service in 2015. Social activism and the Invictus GamesHarry was active in various causes, including wildlife conservation in Africa. In 2006 he helped found a charity for children in Lesotho; it was dedicated to his mother, who had died in 1997. In 2007 Harry and William held a memorial service to mark the 10th anniversary of Diana’s death. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content.Subscribe NowPrince Harry discussing the Invictus GamesPrince Harry discussing the Invictus GamesAfter attending and being impressed by the Warrior Games for injured U.S. servicepeople and veterans, Harry founded the Invictus Games, an international sporting competition for injured and sick veterans and servicepeople. The competition, which debuted in London in 2014, took its name from William Ernest Henley’s inspirational poem “Invictus.” Initial funding was provided by the Royal Foundation created by William and his wife, Catherine, the duchess of Cambridge, and from a donation by the government from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) fund, a pool of fines collected from banks that were punished for violating banking rules such as manipulating the LIBOR. Similar to the Paralympic Games, the Invictus Games include athletics (track and field), archery, wheelchair basketball and rugby, sitting volleyball, road cycling, indoor rowing, and swimming. In characterizing the significance of the Invictus Games, Harry said: These Games have shone a spotlight on the “unconquerable” character of service men and women and their families and their “Invictus” spirit. These Games have been about seeing guys sprinting for the finish line and then turning round to clap the last man in. They have been about teammates choosing to cross the line together, not wanting to come second, but not wanting the other guys to either. These Games have shown the very best of the human spirit. Marriage to Meghan MarklePrince Harry and Meghan, duke and duchess of SussexPrince Harry and Meghan, duke and duchess of SussexIn May 2018 Harry married Meghan Markle—a divorced American actress, daughter of an African American mother and a white father—whose informal approachability and irrepressible personal warmth were reminiscent of the much beloved Diana, remembered as the “People’s Princess.” The ceremony was held in the medieval St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle but was unlike any previous royal wedding. Traditional British pomp and circumstance mixed with elements of African American culture, including the singing of the rhythm-and-blues classic “Stand by Me” by a gospel choir and an impassioned sermon in the tradition of the Black church about the redemptive power of love, delivered by Michael Bruce Curry, the first African American presiding bishop and primate of the Episcopal Church. The couple, whose union reflected the changing social landscape of an increasingly multicultural Britain, seemed determined to modernize the monarchy and to connect it with the lives of everyday Britons. The guests inside the chapel included members of the British aristocracy, icons of British popular culture (Sir Elton John, David Beckham), and American entertainment royalty (Oprah Winfrey, George Clooney, and Serena Williams), but the couple also had invited some 1,200 individuals who had worked as volunteers for charitable organizations to occupy “ringside seats” on the grass outside St. George’s. On May 6, 2019, Harry and Meghan had their first child, a boy named Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor; at the time, the baby was seventh in line to the throne. The birth came as the couple faced various difficulties. Although they were initially embraced by the press, their desire for privacy resulted in negative media coverage. In addition, there appeared to be growing tensions between the couple and other royals. In January 2020 Harry and Meghan announced that they would “step back” from their royal duties and become “financially independent.” In addition, they planned to divide their time between the United Kingdom and North America. Following negotiations with the palace, it was announced that Harry and Meghan would “no longer [be] working members of the Royal Family” and that they would not use their HRH titles. The changes took effect on March 31, 2020. The following year the couple confirmed that they would not return as working members of the royal family, which meant that Harry gave up his honorary military appointments as well as royal patronages. On June 4, 2021, Harry and Meghan had a daughter, Lilibet (“Lili”) Diana Mountbatten-Windsor; the name honoured both Harry’s mother and his grandmother, Elizabeth II, whose nickname was “Lilibet.” The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.Prince William, duke of CambridgeIntroductionFast FactsFacts & Related ContentQuizzesMediaVideosImagesInteractivesMoreMore Articles On This TopicContributorsArticle HistoryRelated BiographiesCatherine MiddletonCatherine, duchess of Cambridgeconsort of Prince WilliamSee AllHomeWorld HistoryHistoric NobilityPrince William, duke of CambridgeBritish prince Alternate titles: Prince William of Wales, William Arthur Philip Louis, Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron CarrickfergusBy The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica • Last Updated: Sep 8, 2022 • Edit HistoryPrince WilliamPrince WilliamSee all mediaBorn: June 21, 1982 (age 40) London EnglandNotable Family Members: spouse Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge father Charles, prince of Wales mother Diana, princess of Wales brother Prince Harry, Duke of SussexRole In: British Royal Wedding of 2011Prince William, duke of Cambridge, in full William Arthur Philip Louis, duke of Cambridge, earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus, formerly Prince William of Wales, (born June 21, 1982, Paddington, London, England), elder son of Charles III and Diana, princess of Wales, and heir apparent to the British throne. Prince WilliamPrince WilliamWilliam received his early education at Wetherby School in London and later attended Ludgrove School in Berkshire (1990–95) and Eton College in Windsor (1995–2000). Before enrolling at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, where he studied art history and, later, geography, William spent a year traveling. Having been exposed to charitable activities early in his life by his mother, he volunteered in Chile. He also worked at a British dairy farm and visited Belize and countries in Africa. In 2005 William graduated from St. Andrews, and the following year he entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Despite his willingness to join British forces in Iraq, military officials suggested that neither William nor his younger brother, Harry, should serve, because they could become specific targets of attack, thereby putting their fellow soldiers at risk (Harry later served two tours of duty in Afghanistan). In 2008 William went on attachment to the Royal Air Force and then to the Royal Navy, so that he could gain experience in all three major branches of the armed services. In 2010 he completed his training as a helicopter pilot in the RAF Search and Rescue Force and began a tour of duty in Wales. He reportedly participated in more than 150 operations before ending his military service in September 2013. William later served as an air ambulance pilot from July 2015 to July 2017. Prince William and Kate Middleton wave to the crowds after officially launching the new RNLI's lifeboat 'Hereford Endeavour' at Trearddur Bay, Anglesey on February 24, 2011BRITANNICA QUIZWilliam and CatherineTheir lives make headlines all over the world--how much do you know about the Duke and the Duchess of Cambridge? Test your knowledge with this quiz.Prince Harry, Prince William, and Catherine, duchess of CambridgePrince Harry, Prince William, and Catherine, duchess of CambridgeLearn the origin of Prince William and Kate Middleton's love storyLearn the origin of Prince William and Kate Middleton's love storySee all videos for this articleWilliam ranks among the most popular figures of the royal family. He was admired for his public poise and grace following his mother’s death in a car crash in Paris in 1997. Ten years later William and Harry organized a London memorial service to mark the anniversary of her death. Much like his father, William is also an avid sportsman and active in environmental issues. In 2020 he announced the creation of the Earthshot Prize, which was inspired by U.S. Pres. John F. Kennedy’s “Moonshot” initiative to send a man to the Moon. It was to be awarded in five categories over 10 years, and the goal was to “repair the planet.” Prince William and Catherine, duke and duchess of CambridgePrince William and Catherine, duke and duchess of CambridgeElizabeth II: Diamond JubileeElizabeth II: Diamond JubileePrince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge: christeningPrince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge: christeningPrincess Charlotte Elizabeth Diana of CambridgePrincess Charlotte Elizabeth Diana of CambridgeIn November 2010 it was announced that William would marry his longtime girlfriend, Catherine (Kate) Middleton, whom he had met at St. Andrews. The royal wedding took place on April 29, 2011, at Westminster Abbey in London. The couple’s first son, Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge, was born on July 22, 2013, and their daughter, Princess Charlotte Elizabeth Diana of Cambridge, was born on May 2, 2015. Catherine gave birth to a second son, Prince Louis Arthur Charles of Cambridge, on April 23, 2018. Following the death of Elizabeth II on September 8, 2022, Charles became king, and William became heir apparent. The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.Meghan, duchess of SussexIntroductionFast FactsFacts & Related ContentQuizzesMediaImagesMoreMore Articles On This TopicContributorsArticle HistoryRelated BiographiesKatherine HeiglKatherine HeiglAmerican actressSee AllHomeEntertainment & Pop CultureActorsMeghan, duchess of Sussexconsort of Prince Harry Alternate titles: Meghan Markle, Rachel Meghan MarkleBy Patricia Bauer • Last Updated: Sep 8, 2022 • Edit HistoryMeghan, duchess of SussexMeghan, duchess of SussexSee all mediaBorn: August 4, 1981 (age 41) Los Angeles CaliforniaNotable Family Members: spouse Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex daughter of Thomas Markle daughter of Doria Ragland married to Prince Harry, duke of Sussex (2018–present) married to Trevor Engelson (2011–2014) mother of Archie Mountbatten-Windsor (b. 2019) half sister of Samantha Markle half sister of Thomas Markle, Jr.Education: Immaculate Heart High School (Los Angeles, California) Northwestern University (B.A., 2003)Movies/Tv Shows (Acted In): "Suits" (2011–2018) "Anti-Social" (2015) "Suits Webisodes" (2012–2014) "Random Encounters" (2013) "Castle" (2012)Meghan, duchess of Sussex, original name in full Rachel Meghan Markle, (born August 4, 1981, Los Angeles, California, U.S.), American British actress and consort (2018– ) of Prince Harry, duke of Sussex and fifth in line to the British throne. Markle was born to Doria Ragland, an African American former television studio intern who later became a social worker and yoga instructor, and her husband, Thomas Markle, a lighting director who was white; the couple met on the set of the soap opera General Hospital. Markle’s parents divorced when she was a young child, but both remained active in her life. In 1995 she had an uncredited role in the sitcom Married…with Children, for which her father served as director of lighting and of photography. After graduating from Immaculate Heart High School, an all-girls Roman Catholic school, in 1999, Markle studied theatre and international studies at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois (B.A., 2003). USA 2006 - 78th Annual Academy Awards. Closeup of giant Oscar statue at the entrance of the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles, California. Hompepage blog 2009, arts and entertainment, film movie hollywoodBRITANNICA QUIZPop Culture QuizAre you a princess of Pop? The king of Culture? See if you’re an entertainment expert by answering these questions.Markle then returned to Los Angeles to embark on an acting career. She quickly began landing guest roles in TV shows, including CSI: NY, 90210, CSI: Miami, and Fringe, and she supplemented her income working as a freelance calligrapher. Her big break came when she was cast as paralegal Rachel Zane in the popular USA Network legal drama series Suits (2011–19). She also played leading roles in such movies as Random Encounters (2013) and Anti-Social (2015). In addition, she ran a lifestyle blog, The Tig (2014–17). Prince Harry and Meghan, duke and duchess of SussexPrince Harry and Meghan, duke and duchess of SussexPrince Harry and Meghan, duke and duchess of SussexPrince Harry and Meghan, duke and duchess of SussexMarkle, who had briefly been married (2011–13) to producer Trevor Engelson, was introduced to Prince Harry by a mutual friend in 2016; Harry was the younger of the two sons of Prince Charles (later Charles III) and Princess Diana. An early date was a camping trip to Botswana. The tabloid press quickly discovered the relationship, and its coverage of the couple was seen by many as salacious and often insulting and racist. Late in 2016 Harry made the relationship public while berating the British press for its treatment of Markle. The couple’s engagement was announced in November 2017. The wedding took place at Windsor Castle on May 19, 2018, and Meghan was given the title duchess of Sussex. Their first child, Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor, was born on May 6, 2019. Though Meghan was often praised for her open and relaxed demeanour, the couple continued to be bedeviled by the tabloid press. In addition, a rift between Harry and Meghan and the other royals began to appear. In January 2020 the couple announced that they would retreat from their royal duties and planned to become financially independent of the royal family. It was later announced that they would, as of March 31, no longer be “working members” of the royal family. The couple subsequently relocated to Los Angeles, where they continued to support various charities. In addition, Meghan publicly discussed politics and personal subjects that were considered unsuitable topics for members of the royal family. Notably, in 2020 she revealed that she had experienced a miscarriage. On June 4, 2021, she gave birth to a daughter, Lilibet (“Lili”) Diana Mountbatten-Windsor; the name honoured both Harry’s mother and his grandmother Elizabeth II, whose nickname was Lilibet. Shortly thereafter Meghan released the children’s book The Bench, about a father-son relationship. In 2022 she began hosting the podcast Archetypes, which sought to “investigate the labels that try to hold women back.”
Price: 20048.94 USD
Location: Ann Arbor, Michigan
End Time: 2025-01-03T17:11:18.000Z
Shipping Cost: 0 USD
Product Images
Item Specifics
Return shipping will be paid by: Seller
All returns accepted: Returns Accepted
Item must be returned within: 30 Days
Refund will be given as: Money Back
Royal: Prince William
Theme: Royalty
