3pcs A+ Golden RUTILATED QUARTZ Crystal Rutile Gemstone Polished Rock HEALING NR

Description: Each bag of 3 stones weighs an average of 5-10 carats, which is 1-2 grams. The stones range in size from 8 to 15 mm. I offer a shipping discount for customers who combine their payments for multiple purchases into one payment! The discount is regular shipping price for the first item and just 50 cents for each additional item! Please be sure to request a combined invoice before you make your payment. Thank you. Hi there. I am selling this nice lot of 3 polished SUPER SUPER high A+++ Quality and totally TRANSLUCENT GEM STONE Golden Rutilated Quartz. They are absolutely beautiful! Each bag of 3 stones weighs an average of 14-20 carats, which is 2.85-4.10 grams. The stones range in size from 9 to 15 mm. These photos depict 5 different kits. In essence 15 different stones. They are comparable to one another. These photos are representative examples of what you will be getting, not the exact item. They are tumbled, smooth, shiny, SUPER Clear with superior DENSE Golden Rutile streaks throughout the stones, The quality is AMAZING! I can promise you will not be disappointed. They look just like the photos show. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to ask me. Have fun bidding, and know that I will ship this out the same day as the payment clears. Thanks so much for visiting my auction and have a great day: The following is information about this from wikipedia: ==================================================================================================================================== This article is about the mineral. For other uses, see Quartz (disambiguation). Quartz Quartz crystal cluster from Tibet General Category Silicate mineral Formula (repeating unit) SiO2 Strunz classification 04.DA.05 Dana classification 75.01.03.01 Crystal symmetry Trigonal 32 Unit cell a = 4.9133 Å, c = 5.4053 Å; Z=3 Identification Color Colorless through various colors to black Crystal habit 6-sided prism ending in 6-sided pyramid (typical), drusy, fine-grained to microcrystalline, massive Crystal system α-quartz: trigonal trapezohedral class 3 2; β-quartz: hexagonal 622[1] Twinning Common Dauphine law, Brazil law and Japan law Cleavage {0110} Indistinct Fracture Conchoidal Tenacity Brittle Mohs scale hardness 7 – lower in impure varieties (defining mineral) Luster Vitreous – waxy to dull when massive Streak White Diaphaneity Transparent to nearly opaque Specific gravity 2.65; variable 2.59–2.63 in impure varieties Optical properties Uniaxial (+) Refractive index nω = 1.543–1.545 nε = 1.552–1.554 Birefringence +0.009 (B-G interval) Pleochroism None Melting point 1670 °C (β tridymite) 1713 °C (β cristobalite)[1] Solubility Insoluble at STP; 1 ppmmass at 400 °C and 500 lb/in2 to 2600 ppmmass at 500 °C and 1500 lb/in2[1] Other characteristics Piezoelectric, may be triboluminescent, chiral (hence optically active if not racemic) References [2][3][4][5] Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust, after feldspar. It is made up of a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall formula SiO2. There are many different varieties of quartz, several of which are semi-precious gemstones. Especially in Europe and the Middle East, varieties of quartz have been since antiquity the most commonly used minerals in the making of jewelry and hardstone carvings. Contents 1 Etymology2 Crystal habit and structure3 Varieties (according to color) 3.1 Citrine3.2 Rose quartz3.3 Amethyst3.4 Smoky quartz3.5 Milky quartz 4 Varieties (according to microstructure)5 Synthetic and artificial treatments6 Occurrence7 Related silica minerals8 History9 Piezoelectricity10 Gallery of quartz mineral specimens11 See also12 References13 External links Etymology The word "quartz" is derived from the German word "Quarz" and its Middle High German ancestor "twarc", which probably originated in Slavic (cf. Czech tvrdý ("hard"), Polish twardy ("hard")).[6] Crystal habit and structure Crystal structure of α-quartz β-quartz Quartz belongs to the trigonal crystal system. The ideal crystal shape is a six-sided prism terminating with six-sided pyramids at each end. In nature quartz crystals are often twinned, distorted, or so intergrown with adjacent crystals of quartz or other minerals as to only show part of this shape, or to lack obvious crystal faces altogether and appear massive. Well-formed crystals typically form in a 'bed' that has unconstrained growth into a void; usually the crystals are attached at the other end to a matrix and only one termination pyramid is present. However doubly-terminated crystals do occur where they develop freely without attachment, for instance within gypsum. A quartz geode is such a situation where the void is approximately spherical in shape, lined with a bed of crystals pointing inward. α-quartz crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system, space group P3121 and P3221 respectively. β-quartz belongs to the hexagonal system, space group P6222 and P6422, respectively.[7] These space groups are truly chiral (they each belong to the 11 enantiomorphous pairs). Both α-quartz and β-quartz are examples of chiral crystal structures composed of achiral building blocks (SiO4 tetrahedra in the present case). The transformation between α- and β-quartz only involves a comparatively minor rotation of the tetrahedra with respect to one another, without change in the way they are linked. Varieties (according to color) Figurine of a child carved in rock crystal, hittite, between 1500 and 1200 BC Pure quartz, traditionally called rock crystal (sometimes called clear quartz), is colorless and transparent (clear) or translucent, and has often been used for hardstone carvings, such as the Lothair Crystal. Common colored varieties include citrine, rose quartz, amethyst, smoky quartz, milky quartz, and others. Quartz goes by an array of different names. The most important distinction between types of quartz is that of macrocrystalline (individual crystals visible to the unaided eye) and the microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline varieties (aggregates of crystals visible only under high magnification). The cryptocrystalline varieties are either translucent or mostly opaque, while the transparent varieties tend to be macrocrystalline. Chalcedony is a cryptocrystalline form of silica consisting of fine intergrowths of both quartz, and its monoclinic polymorph moganite.[8] Other opaque gemstone varieties of quartz, or mixed rocks including quartz, often including contrasting bands or patterns of color, are agate, sard, onyx, carnelian, heliotrope, and jasper. Citrine Citrine "Citrine" redirects here. For other uses, see Citrine (disambiguation). Citrine is a variety of quartz whose color ranges from a pale yellow to brown due to ferric impurities. Natural citrines are rare; most commercial citrines are heat-treated amethysts or smoky quartzes. However, a heat-treated amethyst will have small lines in the crystal, as opposed to a natural citrine's cloudy or smokey appearance. It is nearly impossible to tell cut citrine from yellow topaz visually, but they differ in hardness.Brazil is the leading producer of citrine, with much of its production coming from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The name is derived from Latin citrina which means "yellow" and is also the origin of the word "citron." Sometimes citrine and amethyst can be found together in the same crystal, which is then referred to as ametrine.[9] Rose quartz An elephant carved in rose quartz, 10 cm (4 inches) long Rose quartz is a type of quartz which exhibits a pale pink to rose red hue. The color is usually considered as due to trace amounts of titanium, iron, or manganese, in the massive material. Some rose quartz contains microscopic rutile needles which produces an asterism in transmitted light. Recent X-ray diffraction studies suggest that the color is due to thin microscopic fibers of possibly dumortierite within the massive quartz.[10] Additionally, there is a rare type of pink quartz (also frequently called crystalline rose quartz) with color that is thought to be caused by trace amounts of phosphate or aluminium. The color in crystals is apparently photosensitive and subject to fading. The first crystals were found in a pegmatite found near Rumford, Maine, USA, but most crystals on the market come from Minas Gerais, Brazil.[11] Amethyst Amethyst Guerrero, Mexico Main article: Amethyst Amethyst is a popular form of quartz that ranges from a bright to dark or dull purple color. The world's largest deposits of amethysts can be found in Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Russia, France, Namibia and Morocco. Sometimes amethyst and citrine are found growing in the same crystal. It is then referred to as ametrine. An amethyst is formed when there is iron in the area where it was formed. Smoky quartz Main article: Smoky quartz Smoky quartz. Smoky quartz is a gray, translucent version of quartz. It ranges in clarity from almost complete transparency to a brownish-gray crystal that is almost opaque. Some can also be black. Milky quartz Milky quartz sample Ancient Roman cameo onyx engraved gem of Augustus Milk quartz or milky quartz may be the most common variety of crystalline quartz and can be found almost anywhere. The white color may be caused by minute fluid inclusions of gas, liquid, or both, trapped during the crystal formation. The cloudiness caused by the inclusions effectively bars its use in most optical and quality gemstone applications.[12] Varieties (according to microstructure) Although many of the varietal names historically arose from the color of the mineral, current scientific naming schemes refer primarily to the microstructure of the mineral. Color is a secondary identifier for the cryptocrystalline minerals, although it is a primary identifier for the macrocrystalline varieties. This does not always hold true.[clarification needed] Occurrence Quartz is an essential constituent of granite and other felsic igneous rocks. It is very common in sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and shale and is also present in variable amounts as an accessory mineral in most carbonate rocks. It is also a common constituent of schist, gneiss, quartzite and other metamorphic rocks. Because of its resistance to weathering it is very common in stream sediments and in residual soils. Quartz, therefore, occupies the lowest potential to weather in the Goldich dissolution series. While the majority of quartz crystallizes from molten magma, much quartz also chemically precipitates from hot hydrothermal veins as gangue, sometimes with ore minerals like gold, silver and copper. Large crystals of quartz are found in magmatic pegmatites. Well-formed crystals may reach several meters in length and weigh hundreds of kilograms. Naturally occurring quartz crystals of extremely high purity, necessary for the crucibles and other equipment used for growing silicon wafers in the semiconductor industry, are expensive and rare. A major mining location for high purity quartz is the Spruce Pine Gem Mine in Spruce Pine, North Carolina, United States.[14] The largest documented single crystal of quartz was found near Itapore, Goiaz, Brazil; it measured approximately 6.1×1.5×1.5 m and weighed more than 44 tonnes.[15] Related silica minerals Tridymite and cristobalite are high-temperature polymorphs of SiO2 that occur in high-silica volcanic rocks. Coesite is a denser polymorph of quartz found in some meteorite impact sites and in metamorphic rocks formed at pressures greater than those typical of the Earth's crust. Stishovite is a yet denser and higher-pressure polymorph of quartz found in some meteorite impact sites. Lechatelierite is an amorphous silica glass SiO2 which is formed by lightning strikes in quartz sand. History Fatimid ewer in carved rock crystal (clear quartz) with gold lid, c. 1000 Quartz crystal demonstrating transparency The word "quartz" comes from the German Quarz (help·info),[16] which is of Slavic origin (Czech miners called it křemen). Other sources attribute the word's origin to the Saxon word Querkluftertz, meaning cross-vein ore.[17] Quartz is the most common material identified as the mystical substance maban in Australian Aboriginal mythology. It is found regularly in passage tomb cemeteries in Europe in a burial context, such as Newgrange or Carrowmore in Ireland. The Irish word for quartz is grian cloch, which means 'stone of the sun'. Quartz was also used in Prehistoric Ireland, as well as many other countries, for stone tools; both vein quartz and rock crystal were knapped as part of the lithic technology of the prehistoric peoples.[18] While jade has been since earliest times the most prized semi-precious stone for carving in East Asia and Pre-Columbian America, in Europe and the Middle East the different varieties of quartz were the most commonly used for the various types of jewelry and hardstone carving, including engraved gems and cameo gems, rock crystal vases, and extravagant vessels. The tradition continued to produce objects that were very highly valued until the mid-19th century, when it largely fell from fashion except in jewelry. Cameo technique exploits the bands of color in onyx and other varieties. Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder believed quartz to be water ice, permanently frozen after great lengths of time.[19] (The word "crystal" comes from the Greek word κρύσταλλος, "ice".) He supported this idea by saying that quartz is found near glaciers in the Alps, but not on volcanic mountains, and that large quartz crystals were fashioned into spheres to cool the hands. He also knew of the ability of quartz to split light into a spectrum. This idea persisted until at least the 17th century. In the 17th century, Nicolas Steno's study of quartz paved the way for modern crystallography. He discovered that regardless of a quartz crystal's size or shape, its long prism faces always joined at a perfect 60° angle.[20] Quartz's piezoelectric properties were discovered by Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1880.[21][22] The quartz oscillator or resonator was first developed by Walter Guyton Cady in 1921.[23][24] George Washington Pierce designed and patented quartz crystal oscillators in 1923.[25][26][27] Warren Marrison created the first quartz oscillator clock based on the work of Cady and Pierce in 1927.[28] Efforts to synthesize quartz began in the mid nineteenth century as scientists attempted to create minerals under laboratory conditions that mimicked the conditions in which the minerals formed in nature: German geologist Karl Emil von Schafhäutl (1803-1890)[29] was the first person to synthesize quartz when in 1845 he created microscopic quartz crystals in a pressure cooker.[30] However, the quality and size of the crystals that were produced by these early efforts were poor.[31] By the 1930s, the electronics industry had become dependent on quartz crystals. The only source of suitable crystals was Brazil; however, World War II disrupted the supplies from Brazil, so nations attempted to synthesize quartz on a commercial scale. German mineralogist Richard Nacken (1884-1971) achieved some success during the 1930s and 1940s.[32] After the war, many laboratories attempted to grow large quartz crystals. In the United States, the U.S. Army Signal Corps contracted with Bell Laboratories and with the Brush Development Company of Cleveland, Ohio to synthesize crystals following Nacken's lead.[33][34] (Prior to World War II, Brush Development produced piezoelectric crystals for record players.) By 1948, Brush Development had grown crystals that were 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in diameter, the largest to date.[35][36] By the 1950s, hydrothermal synthesis techniques were producing synthetic quartz crystals on an industrial scale, and today virtually all the quartz crystal used in the modern electronic industry is synthetic. Piezoelectricity Quartz crystals have piezoelectric properties; they develop an electric potential upon the application of mechanical stress. An early use of this property of quartz crystals was in phonograph pickups. One of the most common piezoelectric uses of quartz today is as a crystal oscillator. The quartz clock is a familiar device using the mineral. The resonant frequency of a quartz crystal oscillator is changed by mechanically loading it, and this principle is used for very accurate measurements of very small mass changes in the quartz crystal microbalance and in thin-film thickness monitors. Rutile From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rutile Wine-red rutile crystals from Binn Valley, Switzerland (Size: 2.0 x 1.6 x 0.8 cm) General Category Oxide minerals Chemical formula TiO2 Strunz classification 04.DB.05 Crystal symmetry Tetragonal 4/m 2/m 2/m; space group 136 Unit cell a = 4.5937 Å, c = 2.9587 Å; Z = 2 Identification Color Reddish brown, red, pale yellow, pale blue, violet, rarely grass-green; black if high in Nb–Ta Crystal habit Acicular to Prismatic crystals, elongated and striated parallel to [001] Crystal system Tetragonal ditetragonal dipyramidal Twinning Comon on {011}, or {031}; as contact twins with two, six, or eight individuals, cyclic, polysynthetic Cleavage {110} good, 100 moderate, parting on {092} and {011} Fracture Uneven to sub-conchoidal Mohs scale hardness 6.0 - 6.5 Luster Adamantine to submetallic Streak Bright red to dark red Diaphaneity Opaque, transparent in thin fragments Specific gravity 4.23 increasing with Nb–Ta content Optical properties Uniaxial (+) Refractive index nω = 2.605–2.613 �nε = 2.899–2.901 Birefringence 0.2870-0.2940 Pleochroism Weak to distinct brownish red-green-yellow Dispersion strong Fusibility Fusible in alkali carbonates Solubility Insoluble in acids Common impurities Fe, Nb, Ta References [1][2][3][4] Rutile is a mineral composed primarily of titanium dioxide, TiO2. Rutile is the most common natural form of TiO2. Two rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known: anatase (sometimes known by the obsolete name 'octahedrite'), a tetragonal mineral of pseudo-octahedral habit; andbrookite, an orthorhombic mineral. Rutile has among the highest refractive indices of any known mineral and also exhibits high dispersion. Natural rutile may contain up to 10% iron and significant amounts of niobium and tantalum. Rutile derives its name from the Latin rutilus, red, in reference to the deep red color observed in some specimens when viewed by transmitted light. Contents [hide] 1 Occurrence2 Crystal structure3 Uses and economic importance4 Synthetic rutile5 See also6 References Occurrence Rutile output in 2005 Rutile is a common accessory mineral in high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic rocks and in igneous rocks. Rutile is the preferred polymorph of TiO2 in such environments because it has the lowest molecular volume of the three polymorphs; it is thus the primary titanium bearing phase in most high pressure metamorphic rocks, chiefly eclogites. Brookite and anatase are typical polymorphs of rutile formed by retrogression of metamorphic rutile. Within the igneous environment, rutile is a common accessory mineral in plutonic igneous rocks, though it is also found occasionally in extrusive igneous rocks, particularly those that have deep mantle sources such as kimberlites and lamproites. Anatase and brookite are found in the igneous environment particularly as products of autogenic alteration during the cooling of plutonic rocks; anatase is also found formed within placer deposits sourced from primary rutile. Rutile in quartz The occurrence of large specimen crystals is most common in pegmatites, skarns and particularly granite greisens. Rutile is found as an accessory mineral in some altered igneous rocks, and in certain gneisses and schists. In groups of acicular crystals it is frequently seen penetrating quartz as in the "fléches d'amour" from Graubünden, Switzerland. In 2005 the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa had a production capacity of 23% of the world's annual rutile supply, which rose to approximately 30% in 2008. The reserves, lasting for about 19 years, are estimated at 259,000,000 metric tons (285,000,000 short tons).[5] Crystal structure The unit cell of rutile. Ti atoms are grey; O atoms are red. Rutile has a primitive tetragonal unit cell, with unit cell parameters a=4.584Å, and c=2.953Å.[6] The titanium cations have a co-ordination number of 6 meaning they are surrounded by an octahedron of 6 oxygen atoms. The oxygen anions have a co-ordination number of 3 resulting in a trigonal planar co-ordination.[citation needed] Rutile also shows a screw axis when its octahedron are viewed sequentially.[7] Uses and economic importance Acicular crystals of rutile protruding from a quartz crystal Rutile, when present in large enough quantities in beach sands, forms an important constituent of heavy mineral sands ore deposits. Miners extract and separate the valuable minerals (typically rutile, zircon, and ilmenite). The main uses for rutile are the manufacture of refractory ceramic, as a pigment, and for the production of titanium metal. Finely powdered rutile is a brilliant white pigment and is used in paints, plastics, paper, foods, and other applications that call for a bright white color. Titanium dioxide pigment is the single greatest use of titanium worldwide. Nanoscale particles of rutile are transparent to visible light but are highly effective in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. The UV absorption of nano-sized rutile particles is blue-shifted compared to bulk rutile, so that higher energy UV light is absorbed by the nanoparticles. Hence, they are used in sunscreens to protect against UV induced skin damage. Small rutile needles present in gems are responsible for an optical phenomenon known as asterism. Asterated gems are known as "star" gems. Star sapphires, star rubies, and other "star" gems are highly sought after and often more valuable than their normal equivalents. Rutile is widely used as a welding electrode covering. Rutile is a part of the ZTR index to classify highly-weathered sediments. Synthetic rutile Synthetic rutile was first produced in 1948 and is sold under a variety of names. Very pure synthetic rutile is transparent and almost colorless (slightly yellow) in large pieces. Synthetic rutile can be made in a variety of colors by doping, although the purest material is almost colorless. The high refractive index gives an adamantine lustre and strong refraction that leads to a diamond-like appearance. The near-colorless diamond substitute is sold under the name Titania, which is the old-fashioned chemical name for this oxide. However, rutile is seldom used in jewellery because it is not very hard (scratch-resistant), measuring only about 6 on the Mohs hardness scale.

Price: 7.22 USD

Location: Tucson, Arizona

End Time: 2023-12-09T12:06:02.000Z

Shipping Cost: 5.95 USD