1884 Perron map HAIFA & ACRE (AKKO), PALESTINE, #148

Description: Perron09_148 1884 Perron map HAIFA & ACRE (AKKO), PALESTINE, #148 Nice small map titled Akka et Khaifa, from wood engraving with fine detail and clear impression. Overall size approx. 18 x 14.5 cm, image size approx. 10 x 10 cm. From La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, 19 vol. (1875-94), great work of Elisee Reclus. Cartographer is Charles Perron. Haifa Hebrew Hefa city, northwestern Israel. The principal port of the country, it lies along the Bay of Haifa overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. Haifa is first mentioned in the Talmud (c. 1st–4th century CE). Eusebius, the early Christian theologian and biblical topographer, referred to it as Sykaminos. The town was conquered in 1100 by the Crusaders, who called it Caiphas. In later times it was taken by Napoleon in 1799. Ibrahim Pasha, the Egyptian general and viceroy, captured Haifa in 1839 but was compelled to surrender it to Turkey in 1840 under the pressure of the fleets of the European powers, led by Britain. In 1918 British forces occupied the town, and it subsequently (1922) became part of mandated Palestine. Haifa, with its key port and industries, was of great concern to the combatants in the Palestine war of 1948–49. The Arabs and the Haganah, the Jewish defense forces, fought for control of the city, and on April 22, 1948, the Arabs surrendered. Of more than 50,000 Arabs living in Haifa before the war, only about 3,000 subsequently chose to remain under Israeli rule. Despite this, Haifa is still cosmopolitan, with admixtures of Muslim and Christian Arabs (the latter mainly Maronites) and Baha?is. The city is situated on the northern slopes of Mount Carmel, except for the port section on the bay; residential and business districts are on the slopes, and finer residences and many resort hotels on the mountaintop, commanding scenic views of the entire bay area. The lower and upper cities are linked by an underground railway. The deepwater port, developed under the British mandate, was opened in 1933 and expanded extensively after Israel achieved statehood. Principal industries in the area include steel foundries, food processing, shipbuilding (small naval craft, fishing boats), and the production of chemicals, textiles, and cement. Haifa's petroleum refineries date from 1939 and its steam-driven power plant (the first of its kind in Israel) from 1934. Haifa also has the only subway in Israel, the Carmelit, dating from 1959. On the slopes of Mount Carmel are the new campuses of the Israel Institute of Technology (Technion; founded 1912 and opened 1924) and the University of Haifa (1964). The city has a large maritime museum (1954) and has many fine parks and gardens; outstanding are the Persian Gardens, containing the tomb of ?Abd al-Baha?, son of the founder of the Baha?i faith. Haifa is the world headquarters of the Baha?i movement. In 2008 several of the city's Baha?i monuments and buildings were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. Pop. (2006 est.) 267,000. ?Akko also spelled Acre , or ?Akka city, northwest Israel. It lies along the Mediterranean Sea, at the north end of the Bay of Haifa (formerly Bay of Acre). Its natural harbour was a frequent target for Palestine's many invaders over the centuries. The earliest mention of ?Akko is in an Egyptian text dating from the 19th century BC. The Bible (Judges 1) states that the city did not fall to the Jews under Joshua and his successors; the Canaanites and Phoenicians, Semitic peoples of Palestine and the Levant coast, long held the site. Later it was conquered by Alexander the Great (336 BC) and by the Egyptian king Ptolemy II Philadelphus (reigned 285–246 BC), who renamed the city Ptolemais. ?Akko was a principal base of the Romans when they suppressed the Jewish revolt of AD 66–70. Later conquerors include the Persians (614), the Arabs (638), and the crusaders (1104), who named the city St. Jean d'Acre and made it their last capital. Its capture in 1291 by the Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Khalil (reigned 1290–93) marked the end of crusader rule in the Holy Land. From 1516 to 1918 ?Akko was, except for brief intervals, under the rule of the Ottoman Turks. In 1918 it was taken by British forces and subsequently became a part of Palestine under British mandate (1922). The city's old fortifications and citadel were strengthened by Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (Arabic: “The Butcher”), the Turkish governor (1775–1804), and withstood Napoleon's siege (1799). Though the city had surrendered to the Egyptian viceroy Ibrahim Pasha in 1832, the citadel itself had never been successfully forced until May 3, 1948, when, as a British prison, it was taken by the Irgun Zvai Leumi, a Jewish guerrilla group. ?Akko was occupied by regular Israeli troops on May 17, 1948. Though most of the city's Arab inhabitants fled during the Israeli takeover, about 3,000 remained; the city's population in the late 20th century was about three-fourths Jewish. ?Akko's ancient port has silted up in modern times and has become secondary to Haifa's across the bay. It is used only by small fishing boats. Industries in modern ?Akko include a steel-rolling mill and match, tile, and plastic plants. Prominent structures, aside from the citadel, include the Great Mosque, built by Al-Jazzar and named for him; the Municipal Museum, housed in the Pasha's bathhouse; the Crypt of St. John, actually a crusader refectory; and several churches built on crusader foundations. Just north of the city is the tomb of Baha? Ullah, Iranian founder of the Baha?i faith. To the south is a large industrial zone; paint factories are found in the east. The city remains the major trade centre for Arab settlements in western Galilee and is becoming popular with tourists. ?Akko is the site of the Nautical College of the Israeli navy. The city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2001. Pop. (2006 est.) 45,900.

Price: 25 USD

Location: Zagreb, HR

End Time: 2024-08-26T15:47:21.000Z

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